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- j jz-yi 

POLYOLOT MUNSHI 

OK 


VOCABULARY, EXERCISES, PLEASANT STORIES, 

&c. &c. &c. 

IN 


ENGLISH, PERSIAN, HINDI, HINDUSTANI AND BENGALI, 

FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS BOTH NATIVE AND EUROPEAN. 


MU'NSHI' DEBI'PERSA D RA'E. 

* i 

*r> 

--- -at—C*.r 


“ Whenever there shall occur an omission cr rror, cover it 
with the mantle of generosity, and hold the pen of correction 
running over it.” 


j j.t] li La.) )«3 j j ) J p/o l/o 

Aij )*5 i c j Ia. ,^.lta) j*L Axil 


,CALCUTTA : 



PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, CIRCULAR ROAD. 

1841. 







i 




I 



t 


/ 


) 









sta, a*-" 


CONTENTS. 


1. The Persian Alphabet. 

2. Example of a Persian verb, shewing the mode of form¬ 

ing all the tenses, from the second person of the 
imperative, and the third person preterite or infini¬ 
tive, which will be found useful. 

Analysis of Arabic words. 

4. Bengali alphabet, and analysis of it. 

5.. Vocabulary of useful words. 

6. Exercises. 

7. Pleasant stories. 





PERSIAN ALPHABET*. 


Names of 
the letters. 

Letters . 

/?* Roman 
letters usu- 
! ally denot- 

j ed by. 

Names of 

the letters. 

Letters. 

I 

In Roman 

letters usu¬ 

ally denot- 
| ed by. 

alif 

1 

a, a, i, u 

swad 


s 

be 


b 

zwad 

o* 

z 

pe 

* 

P 

toe 

J= 

t 

te 

o 

t 

zoe 

£ 

z 

se 

& 

s 

ain 

t 

a 

jnn 

e 

j 

yhain 

i 

g h 

che 

§ 

ch 

fe 


f 

hef 

c 

h 

Ui 

<3 

q 

Jche 

t 

kh 

kaf 

& 

k 

dal 

a 

d 

gaf 

J 

g 

zal 

3 

z 

lam 

J 

i 

re 

J 

V 

mini 

C 

m 

ze 

3 

z 

| nun 

u 

n 

zhe 

* 

j 

zh 

wao 

j 

wvuoau &c. 

sin 

U" 

s 

hej 

a 

h 

shin 

A 

U* 

sh 

y e 

LS 

y, i, e, ai, &c. 


* The characters of this alphabet are read from right to left, 
t Called by way of discrimination (hae hutti.) 

| As the other, it is termed (hae haus.) 


















V 




S3 


^3 


S3 
cc e 

<S3 rsT 
& 

S3 
V. 
o 5 <U 

^ S' 

n,*** 

sf <D 

g < 

1 r 

^3 

I 5 

•«s» 




$3 

g 


CD 


4-3 

CD 


CD 

Ph 


CN <D 

a* 42 

d 4^ 
03 

bID 


42 "d 
p ^d 

•»—> c3 

•A 

V >, 

> 43 

*4-3 

£ 4-T 

S .2 
a. 5 - 

2 <2 
HH 

* * 


•N 

4-3 

CO 

r-4 

o 

d 

o 

4-3 

S 


X 

*P 

a; 

5-4 

P- 

45 


CD 

> 

• p-H 
4-3 

d 

J>4 

03 

P* h 
<—» 

P ^ 

• r—I Q 

o .2 

4^ -43 
t_ £ 
p 

>» *XJ 

^ «+H 

o 

r. 

CD QJ 

> > 

• 1—* . —* 

4-3 

IS 


s 4- 

4* 

4* 

b/3 'TJ 

J 

«3 

• r-t 

*\ 

03 

3 4> 

C|> 


d 

^-« 

d 

4-» 

xn 

r-i 

4 # * 

*3 x> 

3 

• ^ 

-t* 

D 

s 

r—4 

d 

D 

r—^ 

s 

£ 

d 

• *—» 

• •> 

XU 

03 

XJ1 

P 

03 

4-3 

>> 

P 

• 0 


• 

C4-4 

P 

p-4 

bb 

c 

03 

CS 

• • 

• 

• 

O 

O 

m 

4-3 

O 

43 

• • 

• • 

• 

• 

C/3 

CD 

4-3 


03 

xn 

r O 


• 

• 

rr4 

4-3 

£ 

03 

03 

• ® 

• • 

• 

# 

• 

• 

O 

• rH 

CD 

nd 

CO 

4 

4-3 

<P 

• *\ 

• 0 
O T3 

• 

c 

• 


rj 

CD 

P 

r d 

D 

^4 

O 

4-J 

ri 

p 

O 

4J 

nd 

03 

?4 

P 

^ C 
O ^ 

X ^ 

m 

O 

0 

*"d 

0 

4-3 

4-3 

r—< 

• r-1 

43 

4-3 

CD 

<D 

VI 

03 

M 

y=! 

03 

5*4 

• »\ 

03 

^ 3Q 

nd 


CD 


9 

cu 

4-3 

•H 

^ b/D 

0 


> 

O 

p - ^ 

d 

D 

O 

r—4 

03 

>> .5 

4-3 


4^ 

CD 

• f-H 

-*-» 

c 

43 

03 

:_> 


'-d 

nd 

d 


3 * 
^ &0.2 


03 

C/3 

03 

5—4 

Ph 


4-3 

d 

CD 

Ph 

r 4 2 


-Q 

CD ^ 

r—J P >, 

P-4 . 

• r -1 v>-» * 

u o 
d -a 
P-4 


O 


4-3 

P 

<D 

co 

03 

u 


d 


45 

CD 

> 


CD 

-—< 

d 

CD 

S* 

03 

4= 

4-3 

C/3 

<C 


C/3 

• r—< 
4-3 


03 

p 


d 

CO 

p 

d 


ffl 

f"7 

• • f-H 

03 


^ Ph O 


CD 

d 

P4 

-O 

^d 

a> 


CD 

d 

CD 4—• 
42 lO 

■*■? 03 

3 W) 

,—< d 

P Ph 


03 

p 

cr* 

03 

,63 

P 


A 

03 


03 - 

r—' Pi 


nd d 
02 2 
H 2 

<p .** 

03 -*j 

* P 


03 

4 

H 

* 

# 


a 

03 

4-3 


ce bfl 






















VI 


ARABIC TABLES. 

Examples of the Arabic words introduced into the Persian 
Language. 

1st division. 

Triliteral Infinitives. 

9 o f. * - 

a r s = /0 


Signification. Example. Measure. 

No. 1. d*i 


Entrance. 

d^o 

d*i 

Praise. 

O + 



A 


Knowledge. 


dd 

Remem¬ 

brance. 

> 


- 


.0 9 

Beauty. 



Gratitude. 

9 


Search. 

wJlo 

dd 

Business. 

d*.* 


Greatness. 


dd 

Acquies¬ 

cence. 




9 9 

99 

Purity. 


dd 

Tenderness. 

9 9 

. ^ 



*9 

'9 

Guidance. 


dd 

Seeing. 

+9 



Signification. 

Example. 

No. 2. 

Measure. 

Regret. 

x 0 " 

e 

culd 

Mercy. 



Knowledge. 

✓ n 

"Cl 

O.L 0 

Service. 

OXiXa. 


Power. 

'f>9 

o*ld 

Affliction. 

*.9 

coals' 


Kindness. 


cl*j 

Greatness. 



Falsehood. 


odd 

Theft. 




N. B. All infinitives which 
do not originally possess a 
final may have it added, 
and will then form a more 
definite noun. See Bailie, Ta¬ 
ble 51. 

No. 3. 


Perfection. 

JUT 

Ji« 

Rest. 

j!>‘ 





Vll 


Signification. 

Example. 

Measure. 

Signification. 

Example. 

Measure. 

Reckoning* 


JUi 

Guidance. 



Flight. 



No. 8. 








* 9 


Excellence. 


oJU*i 

Question. 




z' 

„ 0 ? 

" 


- 9 


Advice. 



Prayer. 




' 


No. 

4. oJ(*j 


No. 9. 

exLclij <xl.c\.i 

Guidance. 



Distance. 


<xJLc(j 

cujy* 




Eloquence. 

cxcib 


Gain. 



Worship. 

s^Lc 

oJUi 

Kindness. 

o-ihU 

oJUdj 

Commerce. 

enjlsr* 


Safety. 

COjjli 


Glad tidings. 


'*9 

No. 

10. 


CL)j LgjJ 

5. 

cJUj 

Disappoint¬ 


Exaltation. 

No. 


ment. 

- 0 

cjJUi 

Consent. 

n9* 

clrP 

0 

dj*j 

Astonish¬ 



Ablution. 

n 


ment. 

+ 0 

ty br-i^ 


Appearance. 

9 9 

)s\r> 

it y 9 

JL>« 

Ingratitude. 

,1)9 


Entrance. 

9 9 


Forgive¬ 

' n -K 


No. 6. 


ness. 


Necessity. 

+ 9 * 

“‘iilr* 


Revolution. 



-Subsistence. tzSsyLo 


Flight or 



Residence, cuiyL, 

"- p / 

flying. 

No. 11. ooJui 


Enmity. 

No. 7 . 


Ease. 

(j) 

ojJUj 

Marching. 

0 ^ 

0 -r 

ch*j 

Aversion. 







Vlll 


Signification. 

No. 

Example. 

, 12. 

Measure. 

Decree. 

iSj* 

•'ft* 

^1x3 

Demand. 

bj** 


Reflexion. 

^0, 

r°. 

^1*5 

Relation. 

*0 

tir/i 


Proximity. 

0 9 

t 


Good news. 



No. 13. 


Calamity. 


^0/ 

*3Uj 

Enmity. 



No. 14. 

Passing the 



night. 

s 9 * 

•jwjIjj 

*9 0 f 
C djixi 

Separation. 

o3 


No. 15. d*** 


Search. 

t—A-Uax} 

J*iu> 

Speech. 

Gaining. 

^0/ 

JlS/O 

0 ^ 

Promising. 

0 * 



N. B. This p may be prefix¬ 
ed to a great number of the 
triliteral infinitives. 

No. 16. 

O4.aj.x1 oJjtibo 


Signification. Example. 

Reproach. vi*o)U 

Measure. 

. 0 + 

Knowledge. 

O.Jtxii /0 

" n + 

Station. >ju)yy* 


0 *30 9 

Dominion. lz£U* 
*>9 <** 

Power. ojjoiuj 

' S. ' 

This pi* and cs» 

are added 


to a number of the triliteral 
infinitives. 


No. 17- dj*** 


JO* 

Distraction, 

99 * 

Power. 

09 , * 
JytJOo 

No. 18. Jdh* 


S' 0 

Proportion. jloibo 

JUa* 

Comparison. 



N. B. The foregoing are 
called triliterals* because the 
third person of the Preterite 


tense consists only of three 
letters corresponding with 

No. 19. 

Artificial infinitives. 

j^txa/o 

This class nearly resembles 
No. 11, with this exception, 
that it is formed from a noun 
participle or adjective. 

By adding ^5 with tashdid 
and oi viz. 


Mercy. 






ix 


Signification. 

Manliness. 

Humanity. 

Childhood. 


Example. Measure, 

9 ( p ' 

Co JjA.J 

iX 

LmJ \_ (jj U»j j 

*. 9 ? 


Signification. Example. Measure. 

9 ” , 

Beloved. 

N. B. The feminine parti¬ 
ciples are formed by adding 
S to the masculine. 


Second Division. 


From the triliteral infinitives 
are derived a number of nouns 
denominated 




First Class. 

Active Participle. 

This consists of four letters, 
the second of which is I and 
the third letter with the vowel 
zeiv 


Third Class. 

Irregular past Participle. 


Slain. 

JLjJj 

(Ju*j 

Beloved. 



Wounded. 



Sent. 

dj*V 

9, 

Jj** 

Accepted. 

9, 

Jj* 5 



Fourth Class, 
Adjectives. 


Powerful. 

Slayer. 

Prevailing. 


* ✓ 

Jjis 


Second Class. 

Past Participle. 

p ?' 

J y*&JO 

This consists of five letters, 
the first of which is (* with the 
vowel zabbar, and its fourth 
letter j. 

Written. 

9 ”, 


<^USU> 


Difficult. 

O ^ 

o - 

Jxi 

Easy. 

O, 


Pure. 

o 

o 

Jxi 

Friendly. 



Beautiful. 

✓ ^ 

S*-i 

Successor. 

t-ftJla. 


Bold. 

(Jkj 


Intelligent. 


d*j 

Impure. 

U»S> 



Known. 




X 


Signification. Example. 

Measure. 

Signification. Example. 

Measure 

Fifth Class. 


Sixth Class. 


Adjective used as a Participle. 

Noun of Excess. 


A.J.X.&/0 OiU) 





> " 


AiJUsc pMtj 


Piebald. 






'O' 


Very wise. 

J& 

Dumb. 

f» 





, 'V 


Very generous. v ( a J 


Blind. 



s+> 

«*». 

- 



Very sincere. 

(Jux» 

White. 



* 

y 

Beautiful. 

o „ 

O x 

Very knowing, c-ftj j* 

* 


Generous. 

•> ' 


Very bountiful. 

* ^ 

„ o 

Jbul« 

✓ 

A guide. 

& 


A great opposer. 





Seventh Class. 


A physician. 

S 


Noun of time and pi 

ace. 

Desolate. 

/ ^ 

JUi 








Unlawful. 

foe* 


x o ' 

^ °/ 




A ferry. 

cUi/o 

Liberal. 



'O' 





Kitchen. 


Coward. 



O' 

O ^ 


os' 

f)S* 

The east. 

(JotCxi 

Grateful. 


dj*> 




S' ' 


An inn. 


Forgiving. 






r> f' 


Eighth Class. 


Jealous. 

Jji* 






a 

Noun of Instrument. 

A prince. 







i 

All^l 


Astonishment, 


x o 


Drunkenness. 

„0 ✓ 


Bellows. 

J'.x&o 


o o 

o 

'O 

' 

A poor man. 

lyiLc 

(Jjjl&c 

A key. £ lift/0 



✓ / 

< < 

✓ 




xi 


Signification, Example. Measure. 
Ninth Class. 

Relative Noun. 

4 “S'* 

A green grocer. Jlib Jl** 

A merchant, jls: 3 

A druggist. jlkc 

Tenth Class. 
Diminutive Noun. 


0,9 

A little slave. 




Signification. Example. Measure, 

Increased Infinitives. 

From the triliteral infini¬ 
tives are derived twelve con¬ 
jugations of increased infini¬ 
tives, called 

o>Jjjo 

First Conjugation. 
Increased by two alifs. 

, O 

Expulsion. (rLr^! 

Purifying. 

Confirming. 

Active Participle. 


A little man. 



09 o f 

Eleventh Class. 


Expeller. 

£js' 0 

O 9 

Comparative degree. 

Purifier. 

Idylls' 0 


JUv'&Aj 


Fixing. 

A 9 

jjoo 


Masculine. 



> 



, 0 , 

Passive Participle. 

Greater. 


JU^I 


,09 *09 




Expelled. 


More. 

> 



X o 9 




Purified. 

ydsi' 0 

Higher, 




,09 



Fixed. 

jjuo 


Feminine. 





9 

9 

N. B. The Participles of all 

Greater. 


<1^ 

conjugations of increased, are 

Higher. 

9 


formed by 

prefixing f with 

UJLp 


the vowel pesh, and marking 

Lower. 

9 


the penult letter of the active 


S 


with zer, and the passive with 

Better. 

i 


zabbar. 






xii 


Signification. Example. Measure. 

Second Conjugation. 
Increased by and 


Signification. Example. Measure. 
Passive Participle. 

S3 9 

Avoided. 


A picture. J-y** 

A commentary.^-wftJ 

O > 

Instruction. 

✓ 

Active Participle. 


A painter. 

*»<9 uj '9 

JyG-a (JUii/O 

. * 

A commentator.^-A* 

An instructor, 

*'9 

Passive 

Participle. 

Purified. 

Ut+a./c (JlxAx) 

Exalted. 

$'9 

Taught. 

9 

Third Conjugation, 
Increased by and .*» . 

Hindering. 

9 ^ 9 

o 

Declining. 

Jr y 

o 

Precedence. 

W v 

l*o.a3 

Active Participle. 

Declining. 

'9 9 

Hindering. 

- 

U^xLc 

Preceding. 

S 


30 x/ 

Opposed. 

Preceded. 

N. B. The Participles are 
here made to conform to the 
Infinitives, although some of 
them are not used. 

Fourth Conjugation. 
Increased by o and I . 

9 ,, 9 

Approximation. 

9 

Opposition. vJtAsr* 

Meeting. 

Active Participle. 
Approaching, uylM* dflil/o 

✓ x 

x '9 

Opposing. 

- 

Meeting. ^slU/o 

Passive Participle. N 
Approached, cUtALo 

Opposed. 

Met. 

Fifth Conjugation. 

First division, called the 
musdar mimi. Increased by p I 
and o. 




Signification, Example. Measure. 

Mutual slaugh- 

s :'.. 9 

ter. &JL5lsx &jlcUx> 

Mutual oppo- 

n ,, , 9 

sition. AiHs' 0 

* , , 9 

Conjunction. 

Second Division. 
Increased by I . 

Mutual slaugli- 

S ^ 

ter. 

Mutual oppo¬ 
sition. o3U. 

Conjunction. 

✓ 

Active Participle. 
Slaying each 

,.'.. 9 . 9 

other. 

y / 

Opposing each 

,9 

other.- 

Joining each 


other. 


(JaoI^/o 


Passive Participle. 
Slain by each 


other. 


<Jj liU JU 


Signification. Example. Measure. 

Opposed by 

each other. 

Joined by each 

other. - 

Sixth Conjugation. 
Increased by I o *and i. 

O ^ O 

Confidence. al+ici JUi»| 

+ * 

Opening. ^tuii 

✓ 

O 

Perturbation. 

Active Participle. 

r < . '° 9 9 

Confiding on. <J*xsu 

. '° 9 

Opening. 

y ° 9 

Disturbing. o 

Passive Participle. 

s'*? ,S>9 

Confided in. <JUjjU 

Opened. „Ssk«) 

S , *> 9 

Perturbed. <_^JawLc 

* N. B. e> followed by J= £ 
u° or [Ja is changed to -k> . 

Seventh Conjugation. 

Increased by ^•«! and !♦ 

' ^ ° ". ° 
To petition. JUalwj 



xiv 


Signification, Example, Measure. 
To require ex- 

plantation. 

To require a 

^ A O 

remedy. g&*L*l 
Active Participle. 
Petitioning. <J*jiwo 

Requiring ex- 

o* o f 

planation. 

Requiring a re- 

0^0 $ 

medy. 

Passive Participle. 

x 'V ° 9 + ° f 


Desired. 




Explained. 




Cured. 



Signification, Example. Measure. 
Eighth Conjugation. 
Increased by I and f. 

x O ^ O 

Inverted. J^l 

+ / 

^ O 

Broken. jU&j. 

Desolate. 

Active Participle. 

Inverting;. t-d&Lo 

*D • 

✓ x 

Breaking. 

Destroying. (*^*5 

This conjugation has no 
Passive Participle. 

N. B. The other four con¬ 
jugations being seldom used 
in Persian, are omitted. 


ARABIC PLURALS. 


Plural. Singular. Meaning. 

There is a great variety of 
Arabic Plurals, but the forms 
introduced into Persian are ge¬ 
nerally restricted to eighteen, 
two of which are termed re¬ 
gular, the others irregular. 

First Class. 

The regular masculine plu¬ 
ral is formed by adding vj to 
the singular, as 

2 , - - 
i. 5 P 


Plural. Singular. Meaning. 

P9 r r 

j £>li An assistant. 

Second Class. 

The regular feminine plural 
is formed by adding ol to the 
singular, or changing x into 
ed, as 

vV ' „•*> ■ 

e>Lo.j <uw Prophetess. 


Prophet. 


Assistant. 





XV 


Plural. Singular. Meaning. 

Irregular Plurals. 

First Class 

Is formed by the addition of 


two »♦ 




Os 



& 

Mode. 


A S 


cV' 


Army. 

Os 

09 


olkll 


Kindness. 


Second 

Class 


Is formed by adding is and 
transposing f • 

*♦*!)! Food. 

^ Os 

Drink. 

Third Class 

Is formed by prefixing r 

u*6t An arrow. 

jl* A bucket. 

N. B. By a rule of Arabic 
grammar, the long vowels are 
governed by the preceding 
short ones, on which account 
thej is here changed to to 
agree with the zer of J. See 
Lumsden’s Grammar, page 
126 . 

Fourth Class 

Is formed by adding 8 and 
changing the first vowel. 

X O // 

j sdJj Wj A son. 


Plural. Singular. Meaning. 

aji j* 1U A slave. 

Fifth Class 

Is formed by dropping I and 


marking the first letter 9 . 

r>9 

.O s 

<XJj 

Abl A fool. 

*9 

„S 


p&l Dumb. 

99 

s 

Jd.fi 

A just man. 

99 

9 

J# 

kjf Greater. 

99 

Greater. 

99 

s 


A book. 

Sixth Class 

Is formed by dropping 0 . 

ss 


Jj)d 

Wealth. 

‘ ,9 



Period. 

* 

Toil. 

* 

s 

s O 


Knowledge. 

Is 

Seventh Class 

formed by dropping or 

transposing 1 and adding e>. 

(SxLi: 

A seeker. 

✓x X 



A resident. 


J/oU An agent. 

✓ 



xvi 


Plural. 

Singular. 

Meaning. 

^ f 

<y® 1 * 

•* y 

A judge. 

9 

*<>* 

LS'ff 

A warrior. 

Eighth Class 

Is formed by adding ^ and 

transposing (♦ 

An ignorant 

4 * 

f 

✓ 

man. 

A servant. 

49 

JUp 

(JUcle 

An agent. 

^>9 


A deputy. 

oj 9 

(*Usp 

f-fcJaP 

Great. 

Is 

IViwM C/flSS 

formed by inserting 1 as 

the penult letter. 

A rope. 

j£> 


Sea. 

> 

r l t- 

y 

rt- 

An arrow. 

y 

y 

a .. 

Reservior. 


cJL»a. 

Hill. 

✓ 


Stone. 

0 ®^J 

y 

A garden. 


Plural. Singular. Meaning. 

*lli A fort. 

Tenth Class. 


Is formed by inserting j . 


o 99 

* s 

dr,^ 

A letter. 

o 99 

0 , 


dj** 

<J Lai 

A season. 

r>9 9 




tis* 

A boundary. 

Off 

0 



t^ 

Knowledge. 

o99 





A male. 

099 

y 



(ijkLi 

A witness. 

099 



v/j 


A rider. 

099 

O ✓ 


. . * 


An old man. 


Eleventh 

Class 


Is formed by taking j as its 
second letter. 


<3*-!y (3^ A dependent. 

y / 

Advantage. 
Twelfth Class 

Resembles the Persian plural. 


09 

Jf 

A city. 

09 





A slave. 

,09 

y 




A priest. 


N. B. The Arabic dual num¬ 
ber is also formed by adding 
but to prevent confusion, 



XVII 


Plural. 

Singular. 

Meaning. 

the oblique case 

<^1 is used, 

viz. 





The moon. 

vij* 


O ^ 

A 

The sun. 

O y 

In¬ 

The two 


sides, or 

two planets. 


Thirteenth Class 
Is formed by dropping I cs 1 


or ) and adding I and *. 1 


Jj'U 

A wise man. 

x 9 


A fool. 

OS 

^J K 

u&i y° 

Sick. 

x 9 
M+Xat. 


Scientific. 

1 



An agent. 

99 ,9 v 9* 

ckoj ijyt) 

Sent. 

Uhl 

o ^ 
t—OjXb 

Physician. 


Fourteenth Class 

Is formed by having 1 as the 

middle letter. 



kxcj 

A subject. 

blrtj 

s 

kxs&j 

A will. 

SS 

yO y 

s 

An island. 

JljLai 

«1 aO.} 

Excellence. 

O yy 

O 

Picture. 


Plural. Singular. Meaning. 

x x a °x 

Jewel. 

Fifteenth Class, 

So known by having its 
third letter t and its penult 
letter c?. 

° p 

ejlklAo A prince. 

c a- x° - 

A devil. 

Sixteenth Class 
Has for its first, and I for 


_J -x 

Hive 

^ O y 

t_d.l2.A3 

A wish. 

✓ x 

(X^IA/o 

D , 
tSwfl&xo 

Intention. 

x X 

1—tS’l^O 

X °x 

l_x.r^A3 

A vehicle. 

S: / 

•» X 

Cx*z~' 0 

A masque. 

^xilftxO 

. o 

A key. 

X XX 

ifLJU* 

O y 

A bondman 

N. B. 

or slave. 

A great variety of 


other forms may be found by 
consulting Lumsden’s Gram¬ 
mar. 

-=S8®«S— 

The third person preterite 
is the root of every word, but 
for the sake of brevity it will 
be considered as a noun. 









XViii 


The student must be aware 
that most Arabic words have 
several meanings; the one 
most analogous to the transla¬ 
tion will only be used. 

N. B. It has not been 
thought requisite to insert the 
simple nouns or infinitives, as. 
Patience j*>. 9 &c. which are 
to be found in every diction¬ 
ary. 

Tri —signifies Triliteral Infini¬ 
tive. 

Conj. Inc.— Conjugation of 
Increase. 

A. PI.—Active Participle. 


P. PI.—Passive Participle. 

S. M.—Siffat mushebbah, Ad¬ 
jective used as Participle. 

I. Z.—Ism zerf,Noun of Place. 
I, A.—Ism aleh, Noun of In¬ 
strument. 

Plu.—Plural. 

F. Plu.—Feminine plural. 

O. Num.—Ordinal Number. 
R. N.—Relative Noun. 

N. E.—Noun of Excess. 

Com. D.—Comparative De¬ 
gree. 

N. S.—Noun Substantive. 
Der. N.—Derivative Noun. 
Irr.—Irregular. 


ANALYSIS. 


Derivatives. 

( 

Roots. 

Plural. 


s 

... 

1st. A. PI. -jp» 

y 

2d. Conj. Inc. 

Impres- 

sion, &c. 

15tli. Tri. 


Plu. J'j* 


Plu. 


Propriety. 

6th. Conj. Inc. 

IM.! 


Unity. 

4th. Tri. 

cLst 


Original. 

Plu. u-UI 



Foundation. 


Derivatives. Roots. 

1st. P. Pi. tJjiCo vjii 
Affection. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 

P. PI. 3rd. Conj. 

Inc. fJl 

Grief. 

3rd. Conj. Inc. cUtf 

Thought. 

1st. A. PL. ^ 

Security. 
r s> 

S. M. 

Friendship. 

A. PI. 1st. Conj. 

9 

Inc. 





xix 


Derivatives. 

Roots. 

Derivatives. 

Roots. 

5th. Conj. Inc. 



1st. A. PI. 

cs^ 

C5* 



s 


Remainder. 

3rd. Conj. Inc 



3rd. Tri. 





Delay. 



✓ ' 





Explanation. 

I. Z. 

cs'jU 

csjl 

Cl> 




To dwell. 



)jj y 




1st. A. PI. 


(d 

2d. Conj. Inc. 


Jjl 

3rd. Tri. 

r U3 

Total. 


Explanation. 

F. Plu. 

obeli’ 





• d> 



Plu. 

vW 


1st. A. PI. 

*ojti 

iN 

OXl 



Door. 



Firm. 

5th. Conj. Inc. 1^1 

!«X> 

3rd. Tri. 

oljj 


8th. Tri. 


Com- 

0. Num. 




mencement. 

S 


Two. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 


3rd. Tri. 




Invention. 



Answer. 

P. PI. 1st. Co. 

>j- 


N. E. 

jtxa. 



/ 9 




Force. 

Inc. 


ij&j 





Exchange. 

S. M. 



1st. P. PI. 


d*i 



Novelty. 


Expenditure. 

3rd. Conj. 

WV » 

Inc. v jr^ 


S. M. 

XL*J 

Jw 


Experience. 


Extension. 

Plu. 

Ojl^ 


8th. Conj. Inc. XL*w! 


15th. Tri. 



5th. Conj. Inc. oJa—L/o 


Retribution. 

1st. A. PI. 




; 



' 


F. Plu. 





Sight. 




8th. Tri. 

Xji'A-: 


3rd. Tri. 

J1U 

ail 



y 


Glorv, &c. 

1st. A. PI. 



4th. Tri. 

oJiL. 




Interior. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 







XX 


Derivatives. Roots. 

Collection. 


S, M. 


17th. Tri. 

6th. Conj.Inc. 

S. M. JU* ^ 

Perfection. 

3rd. Conj. Inc. 

Side. 

N. S. 

6th. Conj. Inc. 

9 

5th. Conj. Inc. «^Ls /0 

a. pi. ys* 

Proper. 

4th. Conj. Inc. 

5th. Tri. J^° Jji 

£ Becoming. 

2d. Tri. gl*. 

Wants. 

F. Plu. oM 8 * 

6th. Conj. Inc. 

A.P1.6th.Conj. 

F. Plu. OSIU JVa. 

Situation. 


sUs* 

16th. Tri. ows* 


Love, &c. 


p. pi. vj**" 

S. M. 


Plu. 
P. PI 


-Ua.1 

Confinement. 


Derivatives. Roots. 

9 

5th. Conj. Inc. fiVac** 5 

Respect. 

1st. A. Pl. 

Accident. 

Plu. 

6th. Conj. Inc. Xr* 

Caution. 

A. PI. 6th. Conj. )y^° 

4th. Tri. 

Protection. 


P. PI. 
S. M. 


LTJJ*** 

U*i (je;^ 

Cupidity. 


A. PI. 8th. Conj. <j>« AA5 ^>j=- 
Deviation. 

2d. Tri. sjja*. 

Motion. 

P. PI. 3rd. Conj. 

..9 

Inc. 

S. M. (t/'^ 

Privacy or Forbid den ce. 

i. z. 

1st. P. PI. (Mr*" 0 
6th. Conj. Inc. 


S. M. 




Grief 




XXI 



Derivatives. 

Roots. 

3rd. Tri. 




Account. 

P. PL 



1st. A. Pl. 





Envy. 

1st. P. PL 


9 

1st. Conj. Inc. ed~,.aJ 



Goodness, 

beauty. 

Comp. D. 



15th. Tri. 



Plu. 

jowls' 0 


7-th. Conj. Inc. 


P. Pl. 7th. Conj. 


4th. Conj. Inc. 

Imc^- 



Side. 

Plu. 



1st. A. PL 


(JwS.^. 


Acquirement. 

5th. Tri. 

Jj^ 



9 


5th. Conj. Inc. emails' 0 

' 

Protection. 

Plu. 


r 

4X&2W 


Posterity. 


M ^ ' 

2d. Conj. Inc: 

Truth. 

S. M. 

A. PI. 7th. Conj. && 


Derivatives. Roots. 

Pin. 

4th. Tri. 

Narration. 

1st. P. PL ^ 

Order. 

P. PI. 7th. Conj. 

I. Z. <j£ 

Descend. 


Plu. 


F. Plu. 


3rd. Conj. Inc. 

cL-^ 

Burthen. 

4th. Tri. co( +A . 


Protection. 

A. Pl. 1st. Conj. 


Inc. Ljoc^ 5 


Enco 

tnpass. 

6th. Conj. Inc. kLlaJ. 


Plu. Jj*> 


Turning. 

10th. Tri. 

L5^ 


£ Life. 

Plu. ^ 

Conclusion. 

1st. A. PI. Fem. 

1st. A. Pl. jrj 1 ®* 


Out, 




XXII 



Derivatives. 

Roots. 

1st. A. PL 





Loss. 

1st. A. PI. 

jjoLk. 

k*> S' 


Special. 

S. M. 



1st. P. PI. 



6 th. Conj. Inc. 


19th. Tri. 



6th. Conj. Inc. jLaLLI 



Curtail. 

6 th. Tri. 




Enmity, 

5th. Conj. 

jr 

Inc. o**>Li* 


N. S. 




Thought. 

5th. Tri. 



Plu. 

UaL 

t aL 


Concealment. 


Derivatives. Roots. 

5th. Tri. u 

9 

5 th. Conj. Inc. 

9 * 

5th. Conj. Inc. odaJLs ' 0 

Mixture. 

3rd. Tri. o3U. 

Opposition. 

9 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

Plu. <>^ 

Disposition. 
« 

3rd. Conj. Inc. <5^ 

1st. A. PI. 

Disappointment. 
6 th. Conj. Inc. 

Good. 

3rd. Tri. 

Imagination. 

F. Plu. 


1st. Conj. Inc. 

10 th. Tri. tylslA 

Pricking. 

3 rd. Tri. o«U. 

Freedom, friendship purity. 
1st. Conj. Inc. 

9 

A. PI. 1st. Conj. 

15th. Tri. 

7th. Conj. Inc. 


2d. Conj. Inc. ^*3 



Contrivance. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 


Degree. 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

Kindness. 

S. M. 



F. Plu. 


Minute. 





xxiii 


Derivatives. 

Roots. 


Derivatives. Roots. 

3rd. Tri. 



16th. Tri. 



Revolution. 

5th. Conj. 

s , 

1st. A. PI. 



Inc. 

ft! 1 >5 



Return. 


Perpetual. 

1st. A. PI. 

$b cjj 

3rd. Tri. 




Sustenance. 

15th. Tri. 



N. E. 

«JU 

<3L b 


5 


F. Plu. 


2d. Tri. 

oxj, 

Blame. 

Dropping. 

A. PI. 3rd. Conj. 

16th. Tri. 

t / 


Inc. 


1st. P. PI. 


* 

A. PI. 



Remembrance. 


✓ 

Satisfaction. 

6 th. Tri. 

CJ^0 

cUi 

11th. Tri. 



Wretchedness. 


Care. 


J 


5th. Conj. Inc. 

2d. Tri. 

0 >£j Ij 

6 

2d. Tri. 

& 



Ease. 


Elevation. 

15th. Tri. 

r« 


6 th. Conj. Inc. 


Business. 

P. PI. 6th. Conj. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 



Inc. 


Plu. 

•C 

•c* 

VJ 

S. M. 

<i^j <JPj 


Possessor. 


Concord. 

A. PI. 1st. Conj. 

o 


4th. Tri. 

oilij 

Inc. 


M) 

' 

5th. Conj. Inc. «->Jj 

' 

Protector. 


Watching. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 



IZ. 



Order. 


Riding. 




xxiv 



Derivatives. 

Roots. 

Derivatives. 

Roots. 


o- - 


A. PI. 1st. Conj. 


3rd. Conj. 

Inc. f*y 



9 



Singing. 

Inc. 

i,^/w./Q 
•> * 


A. PI. 3rd. Conj. 


1 st. A. PI. 



Inc. 

yy* 



Precedence. 


s 

r\ 

Plu. 

<jhi^ 


2d. Tri. 







Narration. 

4th. Tri. 


L3^ 

Plu. 

u 



Liberality. 


A garden. 

Plu. 

->LH 


Plu. 


& 



Secret. 


Wind, 

smell. 





. 


4th. Tri. 







Happiness. 

4th. Tri. 

^b) 

v> 

A. PL 1st. Conj. 



< 



9 

* ; /■ 


Cultivation. 

Inc. 



I.Z. 

***£>* 




Travel. 

A. PI. 5th. Conj. 


5th. Conj. Inc. 


Inc. 

y° 

' 


* 

* 


✓ 


1 st. A. PI. 

JU 

'J L ** 

S. M. 

J-jJ) 

db 


«• y 

Drink. 


To slip. 

, shake. 



y 

2d. Conj. Inc. yjy 

jj3 

1st. A. PI. 

<yLa 
✓ 




Deceit. 



Quiet. 

3rd. Tri. 

9 

Jb) 

Jjj 

S. M. 




Remove, diminish. 

I. Z. 



4th. Tri. 


•H) 

S. M. 




Increase. 

3rd. Conj. Inc. 

kU 






Power, 




A. PI. 1st. Conj. 


Plu. 

c_AX*»l 



9 




Cause. 

Inc. 

ki«.A3 









XXV 


Derivatives, Roots. 

5 th. Tri. ijSjXw 

Path, chain. 

4th. Tri. cu/ciL, jJ-w 
Safety. 

6th. Conj. Inc. 

Hearing. 

16th. Tri. o^-w 

Distance. 

* 

2d. Tri. 

Resemblance. 


A. PI. 5th. Conj. 


Inc. 

<50 (A/0 


Plu. 

jtsr^l 

A 

A tree. 

I. Z. 

uoO 

Drink. 

5th. Tri. 

X X 

Commencement. 

I. Z. 


•' A 

Oj-* 

To rise. 

S. M. 

i£lXj i 

Association. 

1st. P. PI. 

Employment. 

PI. 

oliuil 



Kindness. 


Derivatives. Roots. 

A. PI. 1st. Conj. 


s> 


Inc. 



16th. Tri. 

* 

** A 

tr* 

A. PI. 1st. Conj. 

9 

Inc. O’Zm.jc 

Difficulty. 

JLLm 


Difficulty. 

4th. Tri. 

csoUA 

. H A 

A. P. 6th. Conj. 

Envy. 

Inc. 

9 



Containing. 

I. A. 

j*Ui/o 

r 



To smell. 

1st. Conj. I; 

nc. jtAl 

JJ" 



Signal. 

Fern. plu. 



A. P. 1st. Conj. 

9 

Inc. &Jst<£k/o 



To adorn. 


4th. Conj. Inc. aaUSJ <\.£ 
Evidence. 

9 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

6th. Conj. Inc. o'-A"! oj-*> 

Desire. 




XXVI 


Derivatives. Roots. 

2d. Tri. 

Association. 


1st. A. PI. 


Plu. 

V (^l 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

1st. A. PI. 

+ S 


Sincerity. 

> 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

Plu. 

Cl) 


duality see. 

Plu. 

- 9 . 9 

A page. 

3rd. Tri. 



Goodness. 

1 st. Conj. Inc. 

16th. Tri. 


5th. Conj. Inc. c^sA^/o 

3rd. Conj. 

o> ^ 

Inc.jj-^-J 


Form. 

R. N. 



Game. 

4th. Tri. 



Preservation. 
1st. P. PI. o> 


Derivatives. Roots. 

^ ^ . 

1 st. Conj. Inc. 

Opposition. 
6 th. Conj. Inc.* vLr^i 'rt?* 
To strike. 

6 th. Conj. Inc. 

Injury, necessity. 

sjj ' ✓ 

16th. Tri. 

6 th. Conj. Inc.-j* 

* By a rule of Arabic Gram¬ 
mar j is frequently dropt and 
o added. 

t By a rule of Arabic Gram¬ 
mar, cj followed. 

1st. A. PI. 

Enclosure, securely. 

1st. P. PI. 

s> 

A. P. 3rd. Conj. 

Jb 

8 th. Tri. 

Plu. Nature. 

By (_*> 1= 1= is changed to 


Jb. 



Plu. 

Ol^lo! 

iJj-L 



Side. 

Der. N. 


Oj J= 
Road. 

4th. Tri. 

* + 
^Lr* 3 csjk 

Freshness. 



xxvii 


Derivatives. Roots. 


1st. A. PI. 

i—jJUs i_Jk 

Desire. 

1st. P. PI. 

9 

wJj.iJ 2 .X 1 

5th. Tri. 

fib 

Manifestation. 

A. PI. 5th. Conj. 

Inc. 

jJda/o 

15th. Tri. 

£*k 

Cupidity. 

Plu. 

^olk/o 

33 ^ ^ 

R. N. 

j Uk jik 

Reproach. 

1st. A. P. 

Fem. wRk ojk 

Circular. 

5th. Conj. 

Inc. Jlk/o <_ok 

Purity. 

0 

P. 8th. Conj. 

To fold. 

£ 

S. M. 

Comprehension. 

S. M. 

I*liis ^J-k 


Derivatives. Roots. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 

9 

5th. Conj. 

7th. Conj. 

✓ 

A. PI. 7th. Conj.^~kLo 


t 

4th. Tri. sjhs 

s * 

Explanation, confidence. 
Fem. Pin. Up 

6 th. Conj. Inc. jtdhq 

9 

A. PI. 6th. Conj. c-Ap 

Anger. 

3rd. Tri. 


S. M. UjS 15 L*S f 

Wonder. 

Pin. 

1st. A. PI. cUte tV 

Transient. 

\» 9 jj , 

A. P. 7th. Conj. **Ix> 

Number, preparation. 

9 

A. P. 6th. Conj. 


Equity. 


Tyranny, darkness. 


Pin. 


■S-|<X£| 


Feni. Flu* 
1st. A. PI. 


oUii 

jib Us k 


Appearing, back. 


2d. Tri. 


Enemy. 

9 



xxviii 


Derivatives. Roots. 

4th. Tri. e>jl os- 

s> 

5th. Conj. Inc. o'^U/o 
1st. A. P. ub^ Ui®>* 

Accident. 

Fem. Plu. 

4th. Conj. Inc. o/3 ‘-ir* 

Knowledge- 


Derivatives. 


Roots. 


S. M. 


I. Z. 

1st. A. P. 

S. M. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 
2d. Tri. 

Plu. 

8 th. Tri. 

1st. A. P. 

1st. P. P. 

R. N. 

Plu. 


iSjXf o i 

Opposition 


c s$* 

iSj* 

Nakedness. 




> 

Honour. 

J!yi 




Retirement. 

' 


fib* 

r> 

Intention. 



(3^'^ 

(3^ 


Love. 



j(Ja£ 



Perfume, 
olkcl v_akp 

Favour. 


2d. Conj. Inc. 
A. P. Fem. 

Plu. 

A. P. Fem. 

6 th. Tri. 

8 th. Tri. 

1st. A. P. 

Plu. 

1st. P. P. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 
4th. Conj. Inc. 

6 tli. Conj. Inc. 


Greatness. 

Forgiveness. 

Ingratitude. 

Ojj’Le 

Following. 

* * 

ClsiXxils 6 . 2 -£- 

Union. 
(JLib (Jiic 

Sense. 

9 

Knowledge. 

r iUl 

* / 

High. 

oUXcj. 

Support. 


I. Z. -it*-* 

Protection. 

» 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

Assistance. 





XXIX 


Derivatives. Roots. 

1st. P. P. 

✓ 

Promise. 

1st. P. P. 

WiT 

Disgrace. 

Plu. 

*tU4- c 

16th. Tri. 

Enjoyment. 

S. M. 

cjLp ' ^ 

The eye. 

Fem. A. P. 

5th. 

9 

Con. 

i 

N. E. 

jf (XP 

Deceit. 

S. M. 

*j ^p »^p 

Strange. 

Plu. 


I. Z. 


S. M. 

Praise. 

Plu. 

#> 4 

Self-interest. 

4th. Tri. 

C«o]/ |*jP 

Regret. 

2d. Tri. 

cdii Jap 

Inattention. 

1st. A. P. 

J^li 


Derivatives. Roots. 


1st. A. P. 


<— Jp 


Superiority. 

Comp. D. 

(_*ip| 


3rd. Conj. 

<*> - 

Inc. «—di3 


S. M. 

JajJLc 

Sail 



Gross, 

P. P. 1st. Conj. 


Inc. 

9 

lali/o 


8th. Tri. 

CU*.vip 



- 

Plunder 

9th. Tri. 

OjVp 

o *9 


Extremity. 
1st. A. P. u*jIp k-^p 

Invisible. 

1st. Conj. Inc. jGp| 

Other. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 

R, N. u°b* u°y 

To dive. 

o 

Pin. 

Opening. 

I. A. 

Plu. 

6th. Conj. Inc. 

Plu. tjJ 

Meaning. 




XXX 


Derivatives. Roots. 

3rd. Conj. Inc. ^y 

Expansion. 

4th. Tri. ^*»|y y 

Sagacity. 

2d. Tri. ui°y 

Opportunity. 

S. M. u kj <jfj* 

Proper. 


3rd. Tri. 

16th. Tri. 


&\j3 l$J> 

Separation. 


P. P. 3rd. Conj. 

s 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

1st. A. P. £j6 £y 

Tranquillity. 
4th. Tri. oily 

1st. A. P. «w 

Ruin. 

3rd. Tri. •s'-*** 

7th. Conj. Inc. 

Explanation. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 

Division. 

S. M. 

Poverty. 

3rd. Conj. Inc.j^w 

Thought. 


Derivatives. Root3. 

4th. Conj. ojtjw e»y 

Distance. 

2d. Conj. Inc. u^y 3 t/y 

Consignment. 
Imperative. u^yf 

2d. Tri. oy 

Excess, distress. 

A. P. Fern. 

Advantage. 
Piu. ^'y 


2d. Tri. uay 

Grasp. 

5th. Tri. dj> 

Consent. 

6 th. Conj. Inc. ^ 

Precedence. 

A. P. 6th. Conj. 

1st. A. P. J** 

Power. 

18th. Tri. 

6 th. Conj. Inc. 

P. P. 1st. Conj. 

9 , 

Inc. u*'** /0 (j»&3 

Sacred. 

S. M. 

Step, advance. 
2d. Conj. Inc. (*£&> 

A. P. 1st. Conj. 

Inc. (•*** 





XXXI 



Derivatives. 

Roots, 

Derivatives. 

Roots. 

15th. Tri. 



8 th. Conj. Inc. l-aitij. 


Fem. Plu. 



P. 8th. Conj. 



3rd. Conj. 

Inc. 

* 

Fem. Plu. 

Cbl^laJ 

J* 


Proximity. 


To drop. 

3rd. Tri. 

j'J 

)} 

P. P. 6th. Conj. 


Stability, confirmation. 


Division. 

2d. Conj. 

[nc. ji 


1st. A. P. Fem. 

uotii 

P. P. 1st. 

Conj. 


Plu. 


Rule. 


9 


(Xcl y3 


Inc. 



4th. Tri. 


& 

1st, P. P. 

vjju> 



Contentment. 

A. P. 5th. 

Proximity. 

Coni. 

15th. Tri. 


9 

Jy. 

Inc. 

9 




Speech. 




Fem. Plu. 

CiiilllU) 


A. P. 6th. 

Conj. 



*9 

9 

Inc. 



2d. Tri. 

& 

Lsy 

✓ 




Strong. 

1st. A. P. 



S. M. 

isy 



Intention. 

I. Z. 

p*liLo 

rJ 

1st. P. P. 

&j+asu> 


8 th. Tri. 

Standing. 

OkAiUj' 

1st. A. P. 

s 

J* 5 

S 

5th. Conj. Inc. 



Deficiency. 




1st. P. P. 

> 

JJ&SU3 


Comp. D. M. 

J' 

J* 

2d. Tri. 

sjj 

ua^is 


Greatness. 


Nai 

•ration. 

Comp. D. F. 



Comp. 



7th. Conj. 



6 th. Conj. 

Inc. LAii’i 


Comp. D. 

J*1 

Js 


Decision, j Much. 



xxxu 


Derivatives. 

Roots. 


Derivatives. Roots. 

4th. Tri. 

S 

CU/ol/ 

(t/ 


J 



Bounty. 

5th. Conj. 

31/o 

1st. Conj. Inc. 



Softness. 

15th. Tri. 

CjZ* 


Plu. 

c_>LJ1 v* 

Plu. 




Wisdom. 

1 st. A. P. 



Plu. 



Employment. 


Voice. 

1st. A. P. 



1st. A. P. 

fj* / 


Deficient. 


Proper. 

P. P. 3rd. Conj. 

JiS” 

> 

A. P. 5th. Conj. (*j^° 

• 

Acceptance. 

6 th. Conj. 

Inc. 

16th. Tri. 


c/ f 

4 th. Tri. 

C^ilhl t-&hJ 

✓ 


Following. 


Kindness. 

Fern. P. 


. ^ 

3rd. Conj. 

Inc. v-dhL 

3rd. Conj. 

Inc. 

bills' 

Trouble. 

5th. Conj. 

j> 

C/ Ah 31/0 




Plu. 

olhJl 

2d. Tri. 


* 


f 



Speech. 

6 th. Conj. 

ci/lADl <^Al 

3rd. Tri. 




To bend. 

Fem. Plu. 




1 hi. a 




6 th. Conj. 


3rd. Tri. 

jur 



* 


Perfection. 


Touch. 

1st. A. P. 

iUK 


Plu. 





- 

A ray. 

1 st. A. P. 

cUtf 

J/ 





Laziness. 


r 

4th. Tri. 

✓ 


3rd. Tri. 

Jls* d** 


Understanding. 


Difficulty. 






XXX111 


Derivatives. Roots, 


Fem. Plu. 


2 d. Tri. 

odor" 0 

Toil, &c. 

6 th. Conj. 


2d. Tri. 

&JQ 

Extension, &c. 

S. M. 


2d. Tri. 

Kindness. 

✓ ** * 

S. M. 

Passage. 

9 , 

5th. Conj. Inc. 

£>0 

Disposition. 

8 th. Tri. 

O J y>JQ 

Increase. 

vP s ; ** 

3d. Conj. Inc. 

c£l**/o 

To grasp. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 

Motion. 

N. E. 

jl'Cc jZjO 


Deceit. 

Aorist. Tense. 

Power. 

15th. Tri. 

u&° 

1st. Conj. Inc. 

(j&oj. 

- 

3d. Conj. Inc. 

<5U'j <3^° 

Flattery. 


Derivatives. Roots. 


Der. N. 

&Lo <£&o 

X / 

Property. 

Plu. 


16th. Conj. 


S. M. 

Jj-h0 Jho 

Melancholy. 

3d. Conj. Inc. 

jau 

Jj OJ " 

2d. Tri. 

Obligation. 

**> < 

3d. Conj. Inc. 

yx+> yxjo 

Discrimination. 

1st. A. P. 

Jo U Jaas 

Inclination. 

S. M. 



Prophecy. 

2d. Tri. 

Zju 

Plu. 

jUit 

Granary. 

Plu. 

£ 

* 

Consequence. 

2d. Tri. 

Salvation. 

Fem. A. P. 

4U&.U is:* 

Side. 

Plu. 

f * 

3d. Tri. 

& & 
Contention. 






XXXIV 


Derivatives. Roots. 


I. z. 

✓ ' 
Jy* Jy 

To a light. 

S. M. 

To fix. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 

✓ 

Equity. 

S. M. 

Sight, equal. 

Plu. 

yjSei 

6 th. Conj. 


2d. Tri. 

Bounty. 

Plu. 


2 d. Tri. 

Voice. 

16th. Tri. 

Advantage. 

Plu. 

/* 

jjti/O 

3d. Tr. 

<3^ 

' 

Discord, 

15th. Tri. 

c-iAUi <—<£■> 

Quality, 

Plu. 

4 

R. N. 

jjwlin 

Picture 

1 st. A. P. 

Deficiency 

16th. Tri. 

M . * 

o./Aai./o 


Derivatives. 

Roots. 

1st. Conj. Inc. 

J&) 

A 

Denial. 

Plu. 

j'J 

j>y 

Light. 

Plu. 


& 

Species. 

Plu. 

tM 

iW 

Mode. 

15th. Tri. 

Jtixj 


Plu. 



8 th. Tri. 

Extremity. 


9 


I. A. 

oh-ix) 

** 

<yj 

Reliance. 


* r 9 

P. P. 7th. Conj. ijij**** 
8 th. Tri. 

s 

P. P. 3rd. Conj. 


1 st. A. P. 


15th. Tri. 

Proper. 

1 st. P. P. W* 


Existence. 

1st. Conj. Inc. jM* 



Abridgment. 

R. N. dj h> 

Face. 






XXXV 



Derivatives. 

Roots. 


Derivatives. 

Roots. 

3rd. Conj. 

Inc. 


7th. Tri. 


<J*tj 

2d. Tri. 





Means. 



Sole. 

1st. P. P. 


✓ 

2d. Tri. 

» <♦ 




Praise. 


Timidity. 

3rd. Tri. 

J U J 


S. M. 



8 th. Tri. 

&A*oj 




Bad. 

6 th. Conj. Inc.* Jt*a3| 

lUj 

16th. Tri. 




Union, &c. 


Friendship. 

1st. A. P. 

✓ 


3rd. Conj. 

Inc. wy 


f 

A. P. 4th. Conj. cUy*> 


3rd. Tri. 

Farewell. 

A. P. 6th. Conj. cUly* 


1st. A. P. 


&JJ 

5th. Conj. 




Inheritance. 1 

2d. Tri. 



1st. P. P. 


- 



Will. 

S. M. 



5th. Tri. 




Burthen. 


Evidence. 

1 st. P. P. 

tyjyo 

ojj 

I. Z. 


C* 



Wright. 


Situation. 

Der. N. 


U» M J 

4th. Conj. 

Cflj 3 



Hesitation. 

11th. Tri. 

wM ✓ 

t&oVjj 

a; 

Plu. 

u*!yj 



Accomplishment. 

1st. P. PI. 

* 

(•yy° 


6 th. Conj. 

Ji&i 

* 



Mark. 


Concord. 





XXXVI 


Derivatives. Roots. 

9 

5th. Conj. 

9 

A. P. 5th. Conj. 

A. P. 1st. Conj. 

'9 * 

Inc. *3) 

To blaze. 

yJ m * 

3rd. Conj. Inc.* & 

* See note to letter u°- 

Occurrence. 


3d. Conj. Inc. 

t-aSj 3 


- 

To stand. 

1st. A. P. 

iJilj 


3d. Conj. Inc. 



Abstemiousness. 

6 th. Conj. Inc. 



P. P. 1st. Conj. 

- 9 


Inc. 


*6 


Confirmation. 

2d. Conj. Inc. 

*#13 


3d. Conj. Inc. 

ijiy 

dr/ 



Faith. 

15th. Tri. 

V 

b 


Friendship. 


Derivatives. 

Roots. 

Plu. oHlyo' 


Plu. ^jl 

4 


Son. 

7th. Conj. 


S.upi 

eriority. 


P. P. 7th. Conj. 

a 

10th. Tri. 

Separation. 

9 

5th. Conj. 


5 th. Tri. 

(*** ir**' 

Attack. 

3rd. Tri. 

tfUA 

Destruction, 

I. Z. 

✓ cw r 

Plu. 

&** r* 

Anxiety, &c 

<*» ' 

15th. Tri. 


Fern. Plu. 

9 

6 th. Conj. Inc 

. p'+H 


LS 

Pin. (*bl fjj 

Day. 







xxxvii 


THE BENGALI" ALPHABET*. 



a 

a 

^ i 

Vowels. 

* i ^ u ; 

^ u 

ri §i 

* 

n 

\ n5) Iri 

Si 

In <i) 

e 

ai 

^3 o 

^ au 

^5J\ 

ang "srs ah. 


as 

ka, 

< 

kha; 

Consonants. 

* ga. 

* 

gha; 

« 

nga.f 

5 

cha. 

* 

chha ; 

w 

ja, 


jha ; 


nya.f 

T> 

t a , 


tha; 

* 

da,t 

1? 

' dha;| 

«1 

na. 

5 

ta. 


tha; 

w 

da, 

5f 

dha; 

ar 

na. 


pa. 


pha; 

* 

ba, 


bha ; 


ma. 


ya. 

? 

ra, 


la. 

* 

va, 


sha,§ 


sha,§ 

?r 

sa,§ 


ha. 


4wlwi’.§ 



The above forms of the vowels are always used when alone 
or at the beginning of a syllable ; after consonants, however, 
there is no character for and the rest are denoted by the 
following letter : 


T a 

> 

C e 

fi T 

A 

t ai 

* ^ U * « < ^ 
Cl 0 c't au. 

Lis/ of Roots used in 

< rf & 

this Book . 

lri ^ lri 

?W1 


1 


f(fcp) 

5S?t5I 1. 


.. 

1 


^>3 

3>^a[ 1 


. 

STOT* 1 


jswrswrfa *f^r 1 

JFEcTl 

. V 

$«ri 1 


.. 

^*R 1 



1 

55*11 


$*T1l 




&TI 


<5^*1 1 






1 



1 



1 

<p?ri < 5 ^ 

(faO 

^srtsti 


.. 

1 



<pt*r 1 

&tW 

.. 

srtet* 1 

3p*pf1 (f3p) 1 

3>TT> 


! 

3><[ 

f 

3»<r 1 

55TT> 

5$$ 

3>n»?t 1 


Read from left to right. 





XXXVlll 





List of Roots. 




f^fa 3 ) 

$«t1 t 

C^tttffTl 

• • 

$«fi i 


, t 


C^T*f1 


WT*TR ! 

3>T\51 


S^Tl I 

C^t? 


C5t?«l 1 

^5*1 


ST«?rt* i 

C^T<5$ 

S* 

C^t^vSl 1 



3PT3TT5C 1 

cto\si 3?*(f3p)c£wjtt*rl 

*fsri 


$«n i 



c<FT^to 1 



i 

«fosl 

S* 

G?T5*R 1 

?st*f 

$t*T 

<pt*r i 

dtoi 

f* 

csrsfa i 

3»T*T 

. • 

««n i 

C#t\5 


C<ft\R 1 

3H\5 

5 a 

l 

C^T'Sl 

S* 

dfofa i 

^T?l^\5 (M 3 ) 

i 



apqfRi 

3p»*r (fiP) 

<FfSR 1 

f 

f 

^?r«n 

ap»* (fa 3 ) 

^TvrR i 

f^r 


9"ZH 1 

<?T*T 

<5^r 

3?T*R 1 


— 


jfr®n (fa 3 ) 

^mt*t i 

<?i 

.. 

•sT^T* 1 



C^sR i 

•*rs 


i 


f<5*T 

f?p®nsc i 

•Sf9l 

s«n 

^Rj«n *?r«i i 

f^*!l 

. . 

s«n i 

«R 

.. 

■*** i 

3p\? 

3* 

^?r-\5^ i 

<r<ri 

<r? 

«rf?r?n *t<«r i 

f* 


i 

•9JT*t 


<*R 1 


?+ 

i 

«t*r 


^*TRI 

(fit 3 ) 

C^T3>v5T*J 1 

•4R1 


«Wt?1 OT*R 1 

$ 3 

a 

flR 1 

<1 


<TTPr5T 1 

?<? 

.. 

^p$*{ I 

«rtT* 

.. 

<T^ST 1 

T* 


otwr i 

«rt^i 

.. 

«TTT>R 1 

T* 

.. 

*JR 1 

•*rr? 

*r w 

<rt'6^i 


. • 

1 

*ttfr«t*r(f*) 

•tft'Sirto i 

S* 

.. 

1 

<TR5 

•. 

^TITOR i 


S* 

<pf f^?i sit** i 

<rt«?i <*r (fSp) <t«*r • 

wr 

f 5 * 

3»5R 1 

fttSfST 

.. 

far®*R i 

^5f 

S* 

*F*R,3lfan i 

fttBRl 

.. 

ftfSOTR 1 

S* 

.. 

<£®R l 

far«r 


f^lRl 

C<R 


f*«R 1 

•^SteT 

.. 

1 

€**0 

*. 

CSSTR 1 

<twT 

.. 

*£SR 1 

r.^m 

*■ . 

cturtr i 

•*T5 

.. 

C-^tlR 1 







xxxix 


List of Roots. 


•f® 

.. 

C**TtSR 1 

4 j> 

. ■ 

i 

■tf \5 


c^ttspr i 

C <*1 

.. 

C^ffT* 1 

c<t*n 

.. 

c*t4U i 

C«m 

C’tfsT 

1 

c«mi c«na(f 2 p) c«r®n* i 


. • 

C<<R 1 

c ^1 

. . 

MWTi* 1 

c4v 

. • 

C< 5 ^ 1 



1 


m 

«rtiR i 

c«rtui 


c<rt?rt^ i 

c«rra 


c**r i*r i 

c«rmi 


i 

CW 


c*rr** i 



c<rt^R 1 

c-shs 


C«TTW I 

C<rl 5 l 


wfnFfa i 

c 4 m 


C^lfiST l 

c«fa#i 


$$ri i 

C^lvS 


C«fr\p 1 

C«TTv ?1 C<tv 5 

1 

«fsf 1 

# # 

*fTO 1 

9f% 

.. 

1 

ftw 1 

.. 

s\WU l 

tfBfl 

. . 

SfBtfSU 





.. 

srcpr i 

tf\ 5 l 

.. 

««n, i 

*T 5 l 


SfStSt ! 


*r«i 

*f«R i 

SR\? 

.. 

t 



*fSR 1 

*T« 


1 



• • 

i 

SfffT 


tfSRl 


SfoTSt 1 

*tWl 

. • 

tfBTSIl 

M- 

9fW 

.. 

^ *«•* 1 

*fal 

.. 

SfffT^I 

*n 

fcsr 

fft3[ =$?T«I 1 

^rt\5 

. r 

tfttpl 1 



«rr«3n 

«ftVf 

. . 

9ftW5C 1 

«rt*i 

. . 

i 

Mtisri 


«ft®fT5I 1 


*it«TO i 

«» 

9ft8f 


sttwroi *«sr i 

*fat 

a«t 


9ft^1 


«<n i 

f^r®r 

1%*T 

C*fWt 1 


. . 

c*mrfa i 



s*®* i 

$i> 


sfo i 

«T>1 8T>(feP) 

1 



1 



i 

^51 



3^5(1 


Ssiestf* 1 

^sr?r 


®sr?r«i i 

dsrirl 


^«ri i 



®SPR 1 



®5R i 



$5RI 

C*f*T 

fsra 

C*f*R 1 

OT« 


Ctfsrc 1 

«TWl 


«rwra i 

6*tt5f1 


CSlfWfa 1 

C«ft5 


CSfTSt* 1 



WOTO 1 







xl 


List of Roots. 


ctfft 

CfTt^l 

cto* 

cstttoi ... 

C*fT*Tl 

tto .. 
«h*f1 
csrrsi 

C*fT®i 

#* !T* 

S* 

S $ 

SIT? SIT? 

SI^I SIT? (fa 3 ) 
JR 
JR] 

TO?1 

TO ^ 

TO1 (fa 3 ) 

TO 

to to 

JR 

Sill? 

T 0 tT >1 

TO J* 

TO?fl 
TO 
■^it'sri 

SltT? - • • 

•£tt?i 

SJT$ 

Jit 

TO 

TO 

TO 


ai^* 1 
C*ftTO I 
CTOR 1 
CTO?R I 
CtfTTO 1 
C9TTTO I 
(SfttfU. I 
TO 1 
dim* 1 
!£**' 

1 

SIT?* I 

srTO 1 

JR* I 
SRtfU 
TOftsi l 
TO* l 
TO l 
TO* l 
TO* I 
TO 1 
to?*i 
TO 1 
TO«t 1 
TO?rt* 1 
TOR l 
TOT* l 
*ItT>* 1 
Slftt* 1 
TO* 1 
Jit* 1 
TO* l 
JI** 1 

si*!* 1 


TO 

sr<r<F 1 

sr^l ^?r(f5p) 

^grTO .. 

TO >1 

Ov 

V™ 

TO 

<*s 

jk 

(K 

SIT>1 

CSRf 

CTO 

cro 

csi?fl 
C5R 
CTO 
cjfc] 
dfa 

CTO5 

CSIfiS? 

.cron 

CSTO\5 . . 

CTO 

tfSft JH> 
TO TO 

tfc$] 

VS t\S 

TO to (ftp) 

t*^ 

T5TO 

to ft 

T5?t TO 

.TOl TO(f^) 


ST?T«I I 
Jlf^l* I 
I 

S[?rT* ftp?TT* I 
TO«I I 
ST§?t*l 
TOTOI 
TOR! 

cro^sn 1 
TO 1 
CSI^t* I 
TO 1 

CST^cj I 
C 5 ?Ttfl < 
f^T? 3 >S* I 
CTOt* I 

siftt* 1 
CTO* I 
cto\ 5 «i 1 
CSTf<rf*{ I 
csimt* 1 

CTOftST* 1 
CTO *1 I 
sift* I 

Spf«| 1 

■ft^T* 1 
TO* I 
TOt* I 
t*<$* I 
TOTOl 
5 ** 1 

TO*» 1 
TOt*t 1 
t&H I 
TOI*1 






List of Roots. 



.. 

l 

t^ii 

f*i 

smt* 1 

E*T 

*» 

f*t* 1 



f?* 1 


.. 

ftsj* t 

W 

.. 

««n 1 

si*r 

.. 

Ft**l 

Fttl 


ft*t* i 



Ffa*i 

Ft*f 


FWi 



FT*faT* 1 

FT*f^1 

.. 

**n 1 

T5T«T1 


FT*fT* l 

FTO 

F®! 

Ft*?* 1 



Ft*Tt* l 

Ft* 


Ft*»n 

FtS 


^5Hl 

flF 

. . 

llRI 

f[T> 


ffa* 1 



fa\5* 1 

fa*1 

.. 

fa$1*l 

fa* 

fa 

f&^si 1 

fa* 

fa* 

fa**1 

fa* 


fa<S* 1 

f&<rl 

• . 

*«n 1 

fasfal 

• • 

faifat* l 

fasi^l 

• * 

fas^t* 1 

fain 


fa?t* 1 

fa? 

fa? 

fa?«l < 

fa?«l 

. . 

faf??1 OT®R I 

■pgt 

. . 

F$* ! 

<*x 

£3fl 

.. 

F*T* 1 

i* 


F**l 

Sr* 1 

.. 

pw 1 

F*rs 

,, 

F*f** I 

6\ 

F*r*i 

.. 

CW4& 


tty 


F?v5*t 

tty\ 

.. 

**n 1 

f*1 

♦* 

■ .. 

F?t* 1 

f* 

F* 

F** 1 
>- 

i* 

FJF 

ttR ' 

F*T?5 


F*T5* 1 

Ox 

F®1*1 

.. 

<s«n 1 

F? 

F* 

Ox 

f?* 1 

O'" 

f? 

• • 

®«ri 1 


F7?3 

f?* 1 

fj? 


$<*1 1 

FJ?1 

.. 

CFF?fa?1 C*S?i* 1 

#JTPl 

.. 

dfat* 1 

r.FF 

.. 

wi 

gffI 

. . 

CFFt* 1 

CF*fa 

.. 

cf*h>5U 

CF? 

fa? 

CF?1 1 

CF?1 

... 

vs«ri 1 

CFWl 

.. 

CFTO 1 

CFF 

. . 

CFFt* i 

CF 51 


1 

CFf* 

. . 

CFt<5* 1 

CFI^I 

. , 

CFTS?* 1 

cftt>i 

FT> 

cfit>t* 1 

CFfsfl 


c5T=?tar t 

CFT*?* 

. . 

CFT*PH| f 

CFT*fl 


C5T* fT*< 

CFT* 

FJF 

Ox 

CFt?* 1 

cFr?iFj?(fcp) 

CFt?T* 1 

cfi? 

F* 

cFmi 

csr<r 

. . 

cft?* 1 

ill 

.. 

cft?t* 1 

cltm 

•• 

csT^rtsr « 




rtn 

.. 

WNt* l 




xlii 

List of Hoots. 



.. 

■%T>W-T>fa 1 

C ¥<5 

... 

ci^wi 

¥¥ 

.. 

¥^=T 1 

C ¥5 

... 

C¥ 5 ^l 

¥\£l 

■ .. 

¥¥1* 1 

0 # 5 v? 

... 

CWF 5 W 1 

¥ 3^1 

. . 

fe-zw:w i 

f .¥5 

... 

C¥l^ I 

^cT 

. . 

WWW 1 

G¥¥ 

few 

C¥¥^ 1 

¥*H 

. . 

1 

C¥ 1 T> 

... 

C¥T1R 1 

¥i^ 

.. 

f IT?;* 1 

cwi ? 

... 

r&jvw I 

¥l¥ 

. . 

¥!<?* 1 

C¥m 

... 

C¥1** 1 

w-y 

. . 

¥l\ 5 Ta 1 

C¥T<T¥l 

... 

C¥T<¥ Ttf <T«I 1 


.. 

WUW 1 

C¥t^1 

•• 

C¥t^m l 


. . 

| 

CWtsT 

C¥1 

C¥T¥^ 1 

¥i*r 

¥*f 

¥W i 

C¥l 

¥[¥ 

C¥i6J( 1 

¥t*n 

.. 

¥t*TT* 1 

C¥tiT 

... 

3 *T 1 1 

¥ts 

¥* 

¥tSV* i 

G¥rs 

... 

¥$ri i 

¥WS 

. . 

¥!«•* 1 


— 


ITI^I 

. . 

¥*fl 1 

©T£ 

©T> 

©¥:* 1 

¥IT 

• • 

¥T¥^ 1 

©¥l 

(T>) 

! 

fg^ 5 Tl 

. . 

f¥^^T 5 T 1 

©;* 

©;* 

©iR 1 

T 1 T> 

. . 

f¥^ 1 

©;* ©^(f^) 

©^R 1 

f¥T>$i 

. . 

T¥^tt 1 

©W 

©;* 

©•^1 C¥S 5 l 1 


i . 

T¥T>H 1 

©W1 

(fo) 

©Sti{ 1 

T¥v 5 

few 

fe^SW 1 

©*r 

©^ 

©SR 1 

fWv 5 '1 

.. 

fW\ 5 <PT^ 1 

©*n 

... 

©*fR 1 

T¥ 5 ?T 

.. 

T¥ 3 ?«l 1 

©»r 

• • 

©SR l 

f¥ 3 ]rl 

.. 

T¥ 3 ?t«l 1 

© 5*1 

... 

©jiri 


f¥**» 

<¥¥:* 1 

©?1 

© 

< 

©?t© i 

f¥*n 

... 

fe^\W 1 

©r?r 

©T$ 

©tsr i 

f«®» 

... 

fe*W\ 

©tsn ¥tt^(f^) ©tstt© i 

f¥¥ 

... 

f¥<^ 1 


... 

©| 9 f?«l 1 

f¥¥ 

... 

C¥¥* I 


... 

© 15 ^ 1 

f 


<¥^ 5 * 1 

©:;* 

^1 

©T;RI 

¥i> 

... 

¥T>* 1 

<k 

©i;n 

(r>) 

©RR 1 


... 

fe$lW\ 

<k. 

©T<ni>l 

.. 

©r*n?R 1 

^v 5 

... 

(.W^SW 1 

©:<r 

f 

©R«l 1 


.... 

C¥W 1 

©13:1 

© 

©I?TH l 

CW 

few 

<m ?\» 

#3 


©T 3 S* 1 





List of Roots. 


13T31 

13=7 

13T='iT3 l 

fllST3 

. , 

f»«t33 I 


fsi 

f6T53 I 

fi3 

j , 

$«ri i 

fl?T 

• , 

f§?«i i 

fl?1 

. . 

1 


^5 

f S3 1 

%'S 

.. 

f 13 ' 

^1 


11T3I 


.. 

f S3 ' 

f5l 

»• 

f St3 1 

i** 


f <13 l 

fill 

.. 

i 

CUT* 


C©i^3 1 

Clt^l f \?(MF) 

C1<T$T3 1 

CUTl 

m9 

cmi3 1 

C1T<H 

> . 

C13«1T3 1 

dn<? 

.. 

CliT<P3 1 

133 

133 

1333 1 

1331 

13T3 

13313 1 


133 

13T33 1 

!3131!33(m 3) stfi i 



f ^3,^1% C5T33 

m 

m 

®T33 1 

UT*T3 

4 

• • 

S5M3 1 

3i*sf 

. . 

33*73 1 

3J<r 

• • 

3T<T«I 1 

3T?T1 

.. 

3t?T«1 1 

313«H 

. i 

3f3<5»*3 1 

313JT 

.. 

313^3 1 

3T331 

,... 

3I33T3 1 

3'tv? 

. i 

33^3 1 

33^1 

. . 

3tll3 1 

33 <n 

. . 

3rr?T«> i 

333 

, i 

3333 1 


3331 


ion i 

33^ 

• • 

33*p?«l i 

33*5*1 

• • 

333?T«1 1 

3IR3 

• *> 

33733 1 

31TT>1 


3nT>13 1 

33*r 


33*73 1 

I3T3 


f3T?I3 1 

f%3l 


f3T3T3 1 

31<5 

*•» 


33>3 1 



3113 1 

313 

a a 

3133 1 

3131 

• • 

3J313 1 

*9f 


o • 

3(^31 

31^1 

** 

• • 

317T3 1 

G33<5 


C3TR3 1 

C3TT\S 

.. 

C3313 ! 

G333 

• . 

C3TT33 1 

G3331 

.. 

C333T3 1 

c^T^I 

. . 

C33733 1 

M3 


C£r?*.t«f<3J fapirt 

1 

T>*7^ 

.. 

T> *R.31 

I?3 

T?3 

^33 1 

T>31 


T>313 1 

T>3:3 


7>S33l 

^531 


T>S3t3 \ 

TnW 


7>T5ft3 5 

7>1W1 


i?n 1 

T>T^1 


T>iT>T3 1 

^;3 


T>133 1 

^131 


T?T3T3 1 

tT3 

. . 

1T33 1 

T>T^ 

.. 

1T<£3 1 


0 9 

#33 l 

^*7 

» « 

#*731 







List of Roots. 


ffe 


CT^tf* 1 

to 


'to ii 

fit 


ifto* r 



\5t35* r 


.. 

Tj<P* 1 

\5Tto 


vSTto 8 ! l 



rte 1 

\&t*1 


fct*T* t 

cte 


cfo* 1 

\5T1> 

.i. 

W\te I 

cte) 

... 

ton 

\st*i 


\5T*1* • 



cto* 1 

fto 


fto*i 

c^r*n 


ctoi* i 

fto 

% 

to i 




V& 


1 Sto«l J 

te 

... 

^?>* l 

If 


to* i 

to 

... 

to*i 

jni 


to* • 

te 

... 

to i 

ctoi 


C1St?T* 1 

tei 


to* i 


——• 


tin 


to ^? e i i 

T?rf 


to*l 

to 


to* i 

FeT^S 


1 

tol 


tot* i 

F5n1 


T>51;*1 

to? 


to?tt > 

T?t55 


Ft^* 1 

ten 


to<r«i» 

?T*1 


to 

tom 


to i 

UtvT 


FT en* 1 

te 


tem 

Fieri 


toi i 

cte 


cte * i 

ftoi 


fu*rt* i 

ctei 


cto*i 

fF«ri 


fF^rt* i 

ctei 


cto* I 

rl>* 


fto* i 

ctol 


to 1 

vn 


f$* i 

Cto 


C^sT* 1 

rai 


C^T* i 

cte 


Cto* 1 

5? 

1? 

|\S* 1 

cte 


to 1 



^ri* 1 

cto? 


cto? *t?«i i 

to 

... 

to* i 

ctom 


cto?T«i i 

F? 

(K 

.. 

to* 1 

ctoi 


Cto* 1 

urn 

ds. 


■to • 

cto 


toi i 

1?* 

&~ 


to i 

Ctoi 


toi t 

F/n 


toi« 




CF^I 

... 

cito* • 

wn 


^?f«i i 

CFT«? 

.. 

C1?Tto 1 

to 


to* • 

CFt\? 

FeTF 

C51 ^* 1 


5?5T 

%*m i 

CFT«T 

. . 

cem* i 







xlv 


List of Roots. 


ci>7*n 

. • 

qjTsrra i 

G3133 

.. 

C3t3'5’? < 


.. 

cuis? i 

C31*T 

3*! 

C3l*T? 1 


— 


c^mi 

3*T 

39f1 1 


. . 

33*1? 

C3t*f1 

3*1 

<K 

(^SiT? 1 

3^3^? 

.. 

3333 T? i 

37® 


3J1$f 3!?«S 1 

3^r 

3 Of 

3*r? i 

3TW 

37® 

3«fl 1 

33 - 

1 

3?«1 I 


— 


3 ® 

3S& 

3®'«1 1 

sr?sf? 

9r?sj?i? «r?«r?i? i 

33*11 

... 

3??1? 1 

9713 

*i 

«fl3? 1 

3?1 

. 

3?T? t 

<mi 


3*T1 1 

3<Tt*T 

.. 

3«n i 

«TT*T3 

.. 

*11*131? 1 

3*T 

3*T 

3 * 1 ? i 

«rt<v? 

.. 

* 1133 :? i 

3?l1 

• • 

3*Tl? 1 

911331 

.. 

3«n i 

3?F 

ZTv 

3*F«I 1 



* 11 ?? i 

3T<F 


313? 1 

<mi ^t(r>) 

^T5Tt5T 1 

3t?P1 

. . 

3131?! 

f?3 


ftl3? 1 

3t5f? 

.. 

31\3? t 

fitei ^t(r>) 

f*l3l? 1 

«TMJ 


31\3? 1 

913 * 

.. - 

<£$? I 

3t\31 

3^ 

3l’v3t? 1 

<a? 

••• 

<tf?«i i 

3131 

.. 

3131? 1 

C9l3 


'5m>3» 3>?«i i 

313 

.. 

SIS* 1 

C9f3*T 


C*13*I1? i 

3t3l 

. . 

3131? | 

C9f3*f1 


3*11 | 

3l*f 

3 of 

3l*f? 1 

C9f33 


C*f?3 C*1?3l? 1 

3T*P ' 

5*f(fa») 

31*17? i 

C9i33i 


C*l33l? 1 

31? 

^(r>) 

3l?«l 1 

C9f3*T 


C^lcl? 1 

3t?1 

.. 

««n < 

C9f3*n 


3*11 i 

31? 

.. 

3t*T? 1 

C?1 

*1 

C«rt35=T I 

I 331 

. . 

f~33l? 1 

C9T1S 


3*11 | 

f3%i =?t(r>) 

fsfcl? 1 

*1 

=51 

ncf3 *?«i i 


33 

33? 1 


— 


333 

.. 

33311 | 

?\~f 

irvr 

?N*r? 1 

3*1 

3*T 

3*1? 1 

?s 

.. 

<rt3i *«? i 

3*M 

3*T 

3*H 1 

If si 

.. 

?St??1? 1 

3 ? 

33 

>K 

3?«l i 

7?33l 

.. 

JT335T? 1 

C 339 


C3S3? 1 

If? 


irsrn i 

tzw 

3\? 

C3T3? 1 

??* 


rofain ?i€? i 





xlvi 


List of Roots. 




pf’st^T^t i 

csnri 

tso 

CVTTtsr | 


.. 

Ff?Tf?T5T 1 

C'<fl 

4 4 

CSffaSf 1 


*r*fa i 

CSffal 

• • 

C^T33T=l I 

Pf?T 


Pfc=T^ 1 

C'<ft\5 

• ■ 

c^t^st 1 

Tf?ri 

m 

Pf cnT^T 1 

r.sh<n 

• • 

C*ft?TST f 


ws 

*5* 1 



*fa«t 1 

Tfl 

Vfl 

CWSJTI 


— 


*rt9f 

4.. 

lfT«R 1 

=fa 

•fa 

5fa!R l 



i 


4 4 

^ffSTfa 1 

Vft-g- 


prmi 


4 4 

sT^tra i 

Trmi 


s«n i 

VTT5 

3* 

STe* l 

*FT*> 


Trfa* i 

SHlft 


SfTTfaf 1 

#T^1 


WP5T* 1 

mw 


i 

c?«r 

V* 

OT*fa i 

srfa 

5fa 

JfTSRl 

csr*ri 

rf 

CTPtffa l 

*fai 

Sfa 

stfsifa I 

CTfS 

tfl 

CFS^ 1 


5fa 

5HSR 1 

C?T 5T\5 

.4 

c?m;r i 

*fai jt5t(m3> 

?!T5rT^ 1 


• • 

Offa^fa 1 

=TtC^T«n *fSsT 

5TTC5Tcn^ 1 

cvrr^r art^rra 

1 

JUT 


1 

Offal CTffatil 

Offafa 1 

*fa 

. • 

?n se* i 

CWfa 


CWT^ 6 ! 1 

sn^n^i *n *ri tr.sr i 

Offal 

*r^ 

C?T^' «5^«i 1 

f^<PI 


f^m i 


4 . 

orfcp 

f^\5 

. . 

^mi 

Pr*f 

w*r 

< 

Fft> <p?rq 1 


^»*f1 

fsiw* i 




ft<r 


fto* i 

*fW?1 

, .. 

STvS^fa 1 

tsr^n 


fsfafa 1 

*fsr^ 


i 



| 

SJiTSl 


59t1 1 

f^wi 


1 

*f<T 

% 

1 



CT\*fa 1 

*f?l v 

(£*) 

*r<rT«i i 

W\\5 


CTVSfa 1 

Vfa 

sft<r 

tfT^JT 1 

.ofai 


CSfafa | 

*rT<r 

*ffa 

*TT?' ff l 1 

C^TS 


CTfaJT l 

*r 

9* 

• - . 

«f!fa 1 

wt<r 

*T^T 

CTfa :t 

*Rl 

«*v 

• • 

'J^l 1 

Offal 


C^fafa l 


.. ;| 

^5? 1 

o 


— 




CSfTiH CJf4fa 1 

*fa 

*f5 

•fa* | 








xlvii 


List of Roots. 


^(m 3 ) 

*1513 | 


553W13 i 


*fe3 i 

55 vf <5 

^r(f3p) 

553T3 l 


*i?3 i 

*p1i>i m$(w) i 

*R1 *T3 

*1313 1 

'55ft5 

<K 

3TR 1 

*113313 *if?s>i3j «rf?^msn 

55 ;? 


55133 1 

*131 * 1^13 

*mi?3 i 

55l<5 

3<51<I 

551*13 1 

®Ri 

*1313 1 

5513 

.. 

551313 ! 

*n £t3n*r 

*11^3 i 

1553 

.. 

1553*1 I 

*11<5 *15 

*11^3 1 

T 553 1 

,. 

fWt3 T 

*flfc 

*lfol3 1 

7PT.J 


55353*1 1 

•fry *iz(f3p) 

*11^3 1 

551? 

3*51> 

55^3 1 , 

f*lS[ 

f*ns[T3 1 

<53 

»» 

.. 

553*1 1 

f*i^*r .. 

f*l¥*13 1 

C553 

,» i 

C5p3*| I 

t*jt> 

f*ll>3 1 

c?531 

.. 

C553T3 1 

f*i3 *ii 

*113 <F3«i | 

C55*l 

.. 

C5jsrf3 1 

f*re f*i3 

f*l3«1 1 

C5531 

.. 

C55ciT3 1 


*1^3 1 

«K 

OFI*f 


0551*313 1 

*T5 .. 

*£53 1 

OTT«t1 


$31 1 

*i? 

*1331 

<K * 

3*5 

35 

333 1 

*13? fa *13233 
• ^ 

*13*133 1 

3*51 35(fa®) 

3*513 1 

*f<r *13 

O' «K 

*13*1 1 

3® 

3lf 

3SJ31 

*r* ^ 

C*fl3«1 1 

3? 

33 

3«T3 l 

C*1T> 

c*ii>3 i 

33 

33 

33 * 53*1 1 

c*T3 f*r* 

0*13*11 

33 

• • 

333 1 

C*ll\5 

C*11^3 1 

3*3 

33? 

3*331 3*3*1 

C*flWl 

0*11^13 1 

3^ 

3^ 

3^3 l 

C*flS £fC35F 

i 

3«T 

33 

3ci3 1 

2ff5?13 Sff^^rsr *fT3 ?f33 i 

33 

33 

33*1 1 

fiffl £T?1 

SfifTR *53*1 1 

33 

33 

333 1 

£133! £f33 

£f353 1 

331 

33 

33T3 1 

stw*r sift*! 

£153*1 353*1 1 

33 

33 : 

333 1 

2fCri*l £jf?t*f 

£ft<3*l3 1 

31* 

31^ 

3TW3 1 

#313 £f^ 

£f3T3*l 1 

3lH 

3t3 

315(31 

C£Tl«r C£fM' 

i 

31®1 3l3(l>) 
3ll> 

3T513 1 

3ll>3 1 






xlviij 


List of Roots. 


TO 

TO 

TO?* 1 

RT7t«f from 

R*f*TR 1 

TO 

TO 

TO crsr» 

RR 

5TJS 

f?*R < 

TO 

<¥ 

TO* i 




TO1 

... 

TOR \ 


TO 

^T5iR | 

TO 


TO*i i 

«s? 

. . . 

«TSiR | 

■^T^T^T 

. . 

toto i 


«t(Pp) 

TO 


TOR 5P^<| » 

»?r 

* 

=«?«» 1 

TO 

TO 

<n it tor i 

«?ri ^(fip) 

TOR l 

TO 

rr 

TOR | 



TOR 1 

5\5 

.. 

TOvF* 1 

TO 

. • 

«RR 1 

TO1 

<r3p 

1 

TO1 TO (ffl») TOR l 

TO 

.. 

RTER 1 


.. 

TO*R i 

TO1 

.. 

RT5R 1 

to 

.. 

TOR 1 

fa5p 


f%5R 1 

TO1 « (Pip) 

TOR 

ftsTS 

• . 

fiR^R i 

TO 

, . 

TO* i 


• . 

£tor i 



«IRR 1 

t^T?T 

l<5<r 

Itotto i 

toitokPp) «wmi 

ft®3t*f ^T(M3)5«WI 

4r a 

.. 

^TSIRI 

f<rTO f5R*r 

RRTRR 1 

TO 

TO 

TOR 1 

f<TTO TTO 

fTOTRR t 

froi 

.. 

T%SR I 

f%C<TS RRT5 

froiR t 

ITO 

.. 

f%R 1 

f5HI 

• ♦ 

feR 1 

i%?i 

.. 

TTORl 

fTO 

•; 

R?R i 

fro 

f%? 

CTO <5R«I 1 

fajHl? 

• i 

f%<ri®R i 

c, 


R«R ( 

TTO 


rto t 

«R 

to 

<K 

C55T9TR 1 

to 

. . 

tor i 

TO 

**b 

^»rR 1 


Hv 

tor i 

<K 

TO1 TO(RP) 

1 

6s. 

TO <r (r>) 

RRtR 1 


- 

1 

(K 

¥9 

T9 

TOR 1 

CW 

*•* 

C^SfTR ! 

rr 

TO 

RRRl 

CTO51 


i 

TO 

• . 

TOR I 

GTOl 


C^StlSf I 

C*? 

fro* 

CTOR 1 

C5^ 


C^JT i 

(&$ 


«rr i 

CTO 


t 

dfo 

*3* 

CTOR 1 

C#T> 


t 

C5R 

TO 

CTOR i 

<to 

TO 

CTO* i 


fro 

lTO( 1 

cTOl TO(fip) CTOtR t 






xlix 


List of Roots. 




5155* 1 

C*t5<? . . 

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1 


/ 


List of Roots. 


cm* 


cm* 5 *' 

c*rt* 

err** i 

c?rt<ri 

• • 

cm** i 

fcl m 

<*rr** i 

C?TW 

<?? 

C?t?R • 

%1 ’lt(fip) 

?T«ris* i 


f . 

n *f?5 i 

*j\*ra mm *wj* £fmc?r 


, , 

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*<r«i i 


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wT\5^ 1 

*t\*rd mm 

mm* *?r«i i 


. . 

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m3*r m$*f *?r*i i 

*T\51 *^(f!q8) 

1 


- f T'^§ri *<r?i i 

tfT'SI 

. , 

«r*T*u 

*ra<r m^ 

TO? 6 ! ' 



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7|Pt*f 

TO*t **T«l 1 


# 9 

i 

m*f mr»r«f 

m*f«i *<r«J i 

*TC*n> 

# ^ 

1 

m? m^ 

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er3 


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mST?T«l l 

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*TCST*T JT^SrT ^Tf£e7T^ 1 

^tv? 

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^^5"<r ^5h» 

toto 1 

*TT*t5 

.. 

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m ^ 

TO 6 ! 1 

c*r*«r 

f®r<r 

c«r<r^ i 

m m 

TO* 1 

C*T*f 

f^*r 

C®l*W 1 

mm mm 

TOm*l 

C»W1 

• . 

. csrfam i 

mw 

*It«W I 

C«TT^ 

*n> 

ccrrifa i 

*It®t1 

mst* i 

C*U«1 


C^iT«R I 

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*t*f* i 

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m 5 * 

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■*f\5t*^ 1 

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I 

nt 6 ! 

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*mm .. 

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.. 

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m<r 

m?r«i i 

•tw 

I .. 

•fisrat* i 

m?rl 

m?T«l l 

Ft* 


f^Wi 

*rr*n *rr*r 

*rT*rT* i 

froi 

fm 

f%ra i 

fm fm 

cto*i 



i 

PTSi 

fa©*i 


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fat* • • 

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C*1]v 


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C^TS 

*ft 

C*mR I 

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cm 

n% 

C*tT*R 1 

CTO CTO 

CTO* l 



li 




List of R >ots. 



csft^ra i 


WTOt i 

'$* 

3- 

3*«ii 

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i 

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1 

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*rT*rc i 


... 

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• • 

i 

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* 

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RTT> 

I 


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Rt^l . . 

^fr**t* i 



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l 

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• • 

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i 

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i 


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fe-fa 1 


1 


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1 

^n> 

.. 

i 


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f*E*T 

ft®T 

f%*R 1 

^\5 



.. 

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CS*Jl 

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l 

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C^cT 

C*®I 

C^rR 1 


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fw*f fw*f 

C^*f«l 1 

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CTp^n 

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i 

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TS#R I 

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^®tr i 

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i 


i 

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<3J*R 1 

Qv\ 

«*R 1 


1 

ssn 

A<?iR 1 

«im 

^TtfSR 1 


«fcl 1 





THE 


ANGLO-HINDU'STA'NI' ALPHABET, 

WITH 

THE POWERS OF THE LETTERS. 


A 

a woman 

par 

M 

m 

man 

mum kin 

A 

a art 

i— sL 

bap 

N 

n 

none 

wamaz 

AI 

ai aisle 

) cUJ 

paida 

N 

n 

simg ^ 

bu» 

AU 

an our 


dawr 

0 

0 

go y ko 

B 

b 6ut 


ftagh 

P 

P 

papa j{j 

par 

CH ch church L*. 

chi 

Q 

q 

guoit 

gad am 

D 

d duke 

jr)d 

dagh 

R 

r 

race jlj 

raz 

D 

d bad 

J’3 

dal 

R 

r 

eternel*U^ parna 

E 

e there 


pet 

S 

s 

sin (Jlui sal 

F 

f find 


/azl 

SH sb 

she 

sAukr 

G 

g 9 0 

t J 

^arm 

T 

t 

poZ 

ZakhZ 

GHgh aargl 

e 

gham 

T 

t 

fa t y] 

tattu 

H 

h here 

I* 

hazir 

u 

u 

bwll 

but 

I 

i in 

J \A 

in 

u 

u 

rwle 

khdb 

l 

l police J.G 

nil 

V 

V 

vine 

uilayat 

J 

j just 


jin 

w 

w 

was 

wajud 

K 

k /reep 


kin 

Y 

y 

9 0U /t 

yir 

KH kh loch 


khidim 

Z 

z 

#eal .Aj: 

#aban 

L 

1 Zittle 


Zibas 

ZHzlia^ure 

.sZiiyan 


* French. 


Note 1 . —The vowels, whether long or short, with the point 
under thus, a a i i, represent theain ^ and have a gutteral sound. 

2.—In this scheme & and are represented by h j ^ 
by s; o. L by t, and • j ^ & by z. 




3.—Bh, chh, dh, dh, jh, kh, ph, rh, th, th, are aspirated letters, 
and sounded together, as the bh in ho&Jiouse by dropping the ho : 
thus, b,house. 




VOCABULARY 


Of God. 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Bengali. 

God 

JdJl |*A 

f ieshar bidna," 
khuda 

J- ^*5 

Godhead 


khudayi 


Creator 


kartar 


Providence 

VJ 

palnewala 


Eternity 

hameshigi 



Of Spirits. 


Angel 

t£\JL<0 

firista 


Soul 

V) Gpparan 


Ghost 


bhutna 


Demon 


rakhis 

fcfFST 


Of the Universe. 

Creation 

oJuA 1 

utpat ••• 


World 

t J+f bjj 

du niya j ; 


Sky 

iUi dU-wl 

as man 

^m*r 

Light 

jj LS^JJ 

ujala 

C©7tj% 

Star 


sitara 

$t?1 

Planet 


saiyara 


Sun 

ijp+m c_AxjI 

suraj 

*PTJ 

Moon 

j- su 

chand 


Sunshine 


dhup 

^5 

Moonshine 

aU LS iM)j 

chandni 


Moonlight 

«_iLikJkl/o 

chandnnat 

cstJT^tfrtfar 

New moon 

J3U _yaU 

nay&chand 


Full moon 


purachand 


Change of the 

thavil 


moon 




Eclipse 

Oj— S' 

garhan 

!P« 

Ray 

Jji 

parto 







2 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustdm. 

Bengali. 

North pole 


qutube simali 


South pole 


qutube janobi 


Sign 


ras 

?rTf*r 

Horizon 


ufuq 


Rainbow 


dhanak 


East 

5 

purab 

rt* 

South 


dakhin 


West 


pachhim 

•fpwi 

North 

JUA 

uttar 


Season 


rit 5 samo 


Spring 


basant 


Summer 


garma 


Autumn 


patjhar 


Winter 

llw liillwoj 

jar a 


Earth 


bhum 


Earthquake 

*t>d 

bhunchal 


Continent 

y 

khushki 

*t*f 

Island 


tapu 


Shallow 

v Ljb 

uthla 


Abyss 

6+* 

gaihrao 

^SR53PPf"f 

Mountain 

cUa. 

pahar 


Plain 


khet 


Dirt 


mail 

^tffl 

Stone 


pathar 

*rw?r 

Dust 


dhul 


Atom 


jar a 

*f<refa- 

Sand 

D-’oj <-&) 

ret 


Gravel 


kankar 


Quicksand 


chorbalu 

C&T?Tfat^t 

Highway 


sarak 


Path 

cLxw s\j 

bat 


Water 

vf 

pam, jal 

®jcT 

Bubble 

k-iLva. 

bulbula 


Fountain 


sota 


Well 


indara 


Creek 


khal 

■*rm 

Lake 

JA t 

jhil 


Pond 

V 5)13 

talab 




3 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Channel 

v! i\j 

nala 

C^tSl 

Sea 


sind 

m 

*wt 

River 


naddi 

Bank of a river 

naddi tir 


Bridge 


pul, band 

*Tc*i 

Ford 

cjbb 

thah 

sfl 

Depth 

t£0 iijJ 

gaihrao 


Wave 

5T° 

lahar, tarang 


Flood tide 

0 

jawar 


Ebb tide 

Is* 

bhatha 


Bore 


hutna, ban 

*t«l 

Whirlpool 


bhanwar 

^?RJTB|®r 

Marsh 


daldal, andan 


Fire 

{J»~> 1 

ag, agi 


Heat 


tapan, tapat. 

^?T*f 

Burning 

t for* 

jalan 


Flame 


tu, tem 


Spark 

jt^\ 

chingari 


Charcoal 

cJSJSf 

koela 


Ashes 


rakh 

*Ett 

Smoke 


dhunan 


Soot 


kalak, saunra 


Fuel 


indhan 


Wind 


pawan, bao 


Cloud, 


badal 

csra 

Darkness 

ifi)* 

andhera 


Fog 

OjU/tf 

kohar 


Vapour 


baph 


Flood 


ahla 

?so1 

Tempest 


andhi 

<m 

Inundation 


barh 


Rain 

it> 1>W 

menh 


Drop 

Xj&> 

bund 

d*tih 

Cold 

l/Oj** 

jara 

*rte 

Ice 


barf 

T^JXp 

Dew 

V- A 

os 


Hoarfrost 


pala 

*ft*ri 

Hail 

cOfi 

ola 

f*m 




4 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustanf. 

Bengali, 

Thunderbolt 


gaj 


Lightning 


bijli 



The Sex and Age of Man. 

Man 


manush 

*J?ra 

Woman 


rendi 

st 

Boy 


larka 


Infant 


balak 

f*ra 

Girl 


larlu 

^Jl 

Virgin 


chiraband 

<piT<ft 

Young man 


juba 

wi 

Young woman 

jubti 


Bachelor 


koar 


Old man 


budha, 


Old woman 


buria 

# 

Widow 

W 

ran? 

fWI 

Widower 


rindua 

fw 

Dwarf 

AJtsljjf 

bauna 


Midwife 

&JbLs 

dai 

Sftt 

Nurse 


aea 5 dada 

mt 

Childhood 


larakpan 


Youth 


jubai 


Old age 


budhapan 


Decrepitude 


barabudha 

®?Tl 

Male 


pungling 


Female 

oiyO g^Uo 

is tilling 

St 

Hermaphrodite 

hijra 


Eunuch 


klioja 

WSil 

Kinsman 

Kindred and Affinity . 
natadar 


Collateral rela¬ 

‘ c£Plr? 

nata 

<*■* <K 

®T{% 

tion 

Father 


bap 

3t*f 

Mother 


ma 

5H 

Child 

Jflb 

baluk 





5 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Bengali. 

Son 


beta 


Daughter 


beti 

*501 

Brother 


bhai, bir 

<51$ 

Sister 


bahin, bubu 


Brother of the 
whole blood 

sahodar, saga 
bhai 

Sister of the 

1 “ 

sahodari, apm TfC^tWTt 

whole blooc 

bahin 

' 

Twins 

obol^J 

jora, jawan 

*T5T3> 

Grandfather 


dada 


(pater.) 

Grandmother 


dadi 


Uncle 

r 

chacha 


Father-in-law 


susra 


Mother-in-law ejjjabo 

susri 


Brother-in-law <*j>j 

sala 


Sister-in-law 


sail 

*tt^t 

Nephew 


bhatija 


Marriage 


byah 

f^RTt^ 

Dower 


deja 


Bride 

jk U"9j* 

dulhan, bann 

*501 

Bridegroom 


dulha 

*?T 

Ancestors 


purkha 


Posterity 

Ujl&Pl 

bans 


Aunt 


chachi 

•fft 

Heir 


waris 

^s?rtf*r*Tft 

Patrimony 


bopauti 


Orphan 


tuar 

*TCt«r 

Adopted son 

dharam-beta 


Bastard 


baran sankar 


Adulterer 

JIJ 

luchah 


Son of an un¬ 
married wo- 


larka benikha 
rendi ka 

*T^ 

man 

Paramour 


dhagra 


Concubine 


saheli 


Procurer 

cLa^° 

kutna 

C<Pt^5Tl 

Procuress 

*Jh 

kutnx 



6 


Parts of the Body. 


English. Persian. 

Body 


Hindi-Hindustani. Beng41i. 

deh *rft<T 


Member 

yOS 

Joint 

cSss- 

Bone 


Pulse 


Flesh 


Skin 


Pores 


Hair 

y° 

Brain 


Crown of the 

head 

Face 

LSV V 

Skull 


Forehead 


Head 


Eyebrow 


Eyelash 


Eyelid 

ifiUb 

Eye 


Sight of the 

eye 

Tear 

tsl&! 

Ear 


Ear-wax 


Nose 

& 

Cheek 


Lip 

C_J 

Mouth 

njhki 

Palate 

43!(i./o j*(£ 

Gum 


Jaw 

is* 1 

Tooth 

ii>fao<5 

Tongue 


Chin 


Beard 

LTi) 

Mustaches 


Neck 

<3^ 


khand 


jor 

srr^ 

haddi 

^tv? 

nari 


mans 

srt\*r 

chain 

■^tSTvFl 

surakh bal ka 


bal, kes 

F»T 

mags, gud 


chandi sar ka 

<K 

munh 


khopri 

5* 

bhal 


sis, sir 

stfsrl 

bhaun 

m 

barm 

c*r1*r 

pota 

wre?c*rt3l 

ankh, nain 


sujh ankh ki 


ansu 


kan 


kan ka mail 


nak 


gal 


honth 


munh 

sj*r 

talu 

'STf^JTl 

inasura 


chuwal 


dant 


jibh 

#» 

thuddi 


darlu 


much 

C9ft*f 

gala 



7 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Throat 


tentua 

*mi 

Shoulder 


kandha 


Back 

Omj 

pit 


Breast 

&XJk.w» 

chhati 

<£5 

Bosom 


god 

C3»t®T 

Dug - 

cjIwj 

than, chuncln 


Milk 


dudh 

V* 

Side 


panjar 

to 

Loin 

iylx<o 

kamar 

c<Fte<r 

Belly 


pet 

c*n> 

Navel 

oG 

nabi, tondi 


Rib 


nas, pasli 

afro 

Buttocks 

vit* 

chutar 

«TO1 

Thigh 


jangha 


Groin 


chadha 


Testicle 

<£jLL 

pelra 

t"t 

Knee 


ghutna 


Foot 

ut r* 5 

pair 

*n 

Toe 

U 1 

. pair ki angli 

»ftc?TOt^*T 

Arm 


banh 

TO: 

Armpit 

d**> 

kukhri 


Elbow 

Ott* 

kohni 


Wrist 


pahoncha 


Hand 


hath 

TO 

Right hand 

OwIjCmdJ 

dahma hath 

^f5nTO 

Left hand 


bain hath 

^ITO 

Palm of the 

charangul 

TO5?^ff1 

hand 




Fist 

Cl^AU./0 

muk, killi 

sfrl 

Finger 


angli 

^it^r 

Nail 


nakh 


Breath 

(•<> 

sans 

f=TOt»T 

Heart 

d* 

man, chit 

^<r 

Gut 


ant 


Liver 


kaleja 

graftal 

Womb 


bachadan 


Sordes 

u^ y 

maila 

sr®r 

Blood 

(•* ^ 

lohu 




8 


English. 

Persian, 

Hindi-Hindustdni. 

Phlegm 

t JtS 

kaf 

Bile 


pit 

Flatulency 

\&y* 

bai 

Sweat 

<3> 

paslna 

Snot 


ponta, renta 

Dung 

j'ji 

gandagi 

Urine 

mut 

Semen 

aiikj 

ret 

Voice 

Oy^ 1 Jljf 

awaj 

Speech 


bat 

Saliva 

{$[}> 

thuk 

Spittle 

vJlJ 

thuk 


Bengali. 

•5ITST 

f^Jl 

•%$ 

*sfk 


*t*J 

c^t^T 




Several Accidents 


Blind 

jf 

One-eyed 


Nyctalops 


Deaf 


Stammering 


Dumb 

^ JA jy 

Toothless 


Lame 

Jl) 

Hump-backed 


Cripple 

JU 

Wounded 

&?* 

Gray hair 


Baldness 


Beauty 


Ugliness 


Tender 

C(J15 

Fat 

foji 

Lean 

> 

Tall 

jtji 

Low 

0.3 2 Ijj^ 

Sound 


Healthy 


Sick 



of the Body and Soul 


andha 


kana 


rat ki andha 

Stfwtsd 

baihra 

^T*ri 

haklahat 

C3T3«Tl 

gunga 


popla 


lengra 

3*®fl 

kubra 

l® 1 

lula 

®rs 

ghael 

■srrfer 

paka bal 


tak 


khubsurtl 

C*VN<J 

badsurti 


najuk 


mota 

arfift 

dubla, patla 


lamba 


halka 

OTlftl 

changa 


bhala 


rogl 




9 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Birth 


jan am 


Life 


ji 

SlfcsT 

Death 

•i- 

mautj kal 


Loss of sen 


ochet 


sation 

Indolence 


dhi 


Laughter 


hansi 

*t*tj 

Weeping 

Alii 

rona 

c?tTjr 

Gaping 


jamhana 


Sneezing 


chhink 


Belch 


d^kar 

c^?r 

Watching 


chauksai 

©ftsf?- e i 

Sleep 

wl &)jXx3 

mnd 


Snoring 


kharkharahat 


Dream 

v3^ 

sapna 

** 

Hunger 


bhukh 

** 

Thirst 


pias 

^1 

Digestion 


pachao 

*ft<5 

Lust 


kam 


Anger 


ris 


Covetousness 


laluch 

Cc=Tt« 

Folly 

oi'U^ 

apradh 

OttS 

Pride 


ghamand 

5T? 

Envy 


dah 

STT^TO 

Spite 

A-Vj-S" 

chot, lag 

SNji 

Soul 


pran 

2ft *1 

Mind 


man 

*R 

Understand- 


bujh 

Tf% 

i» g 

Knowledge 


panchan 

55t* 

Judgment 

clat 

budh 

1%5T? 

Wisdom 

<5^ 

budha-mat 

CTf* 

Dulness 

J&J <3*^ 

dhil 


Memory 

,jb 

sudli 

c 

Wish 


chah 


Desire 

jjjl cr^!^ 

kamna 


Will 

<33^ 

arman 


Madness 


dewanapan 

^rtw 


10 


English. 

Persian. Hindt-Hindnstani. Bengali. 

Forgetfulness 

bhul 


Doubt 


kharka 


Hesitation 

Love 

jSiAdubdh a 

Jixj piar 

f«*fl 

Stti% 

Pity 


moh 


Mercy 


mya 

f*n 

Tenderness 


sukwarta 

SSIMl 

Affection 

<juaS\ 

neh, prem 

(7m 

Malice 


badi 

CT^ 

Faith 


dharam 


Confidence 


bharosa 


Trust 

jUifl 

nischi 

fa’srm 

Hope 

Aa/oI 

as 

-wr*n 

Despair 


niras 

fa<rT*ti 

Fear 


dar 


Terror 

I*# 

sanka 


Joy 

jjtr* L5^^ 

bilas 


Thoughtful¬ 

yUd&jajt 

chinta 

f^1 

ness 




Grief 

r 11 ^ „ 

dukh 


Sorrow 


santap 

W 

Shame 

+jJ» oJ 1 st*- 

laj 

cT-sgtl 

Horripilation bhya se bal ba- C^Tt^rlsi? 



dan par 

utna 

Aversion 

ojjik \yS 

ghin 

^«I1 

Patience 

jX*D 

dhlraj 


Liberality 

clyts*° 

dan 


Avarice 


lalach 

<p*r«l^1 

Contentment 


santokh 


The Five Natural Senses and 

their Objects . 

Sight 

j £>.j jSa j 

darsan 


Hearing 

^LJUal 

kan 


Smelling 

&/oLw 

suughna 


Taste 

0<id 

chat 

^tW 

Feeling 

^51 

bujh 


Colour 

e,y 

baran 

*«f 



11 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Beng&li. 

White 


ujal 


Black 


kala 


Blue 

aJLjj 

karranja 


Azure 


asmamrang 


Green 


hara 

sf?re< 

Red 


rata 


Yellow 


pila 


Brown 


gihun rang 

35T>r<3"5f 

Sound 

;l/f !<^ 

ah at 

’■f* 

Tune 


sur, alap 

?T$r 

Song 


gan 


Melody 

^Ls^l 1 

ras 


Smell 


bas 


Scent 

y 

mahak bas 


Perfume 


sugandh 

^<rm 

Fragrance 


subas 


Relish 

%yc e><iJ 

ras 


Palatable 


suras 

*p$T<{ 

Vapid 

&&JL. 

utira 

f^nrtTf 

Sweet 

Uij** 

nutha 

fsfri 

Salt 


khara 

Cat'll 

Pungent 

^Isk. 

purpura 


Bitter 


karwa 

f$C5l 

Sour 

J»y u^°^ 

khatta 

T>3* 

Hard 

O.ST** jl 

kara 


Soft 

ry ^ 

pilpila 


Hot 


tatta 


Cold 

isy* 

thund 

*rt$*T 

Heavy 

dj cLoj 

bhari 


Light 


halka 


Pleasure 


sukh 


Pain 

* *> 

ph-j dukh 

v« 


Of Diseases. 


Disease 

0 45 ;^ 

rog 

e?t$f 

Head-ache 

^liw> 

dard sar 

srTslfajsti 

Tooth-ache 


dant pir 




12 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

King’s evil 


gand mala 


Wen 


gumra 


Dysentery 


antisar 


Blood flux 


lohuka beg 

3"3rtf$ J it<r 

Indigestion 


ajiran 


Gonorrhoea 


parmeo 

£fC5T^ 

Bubo 


bad 


Impotence 

isy^ 

dhajbang 


Fever 

V 3 

jar 


Ague 


jdri 


Gout 


bit 


Cough 


khans! 


Fainting 


tanwar 


Palsy 

-Jlj 

sitang 


Falling sick¬ 
ness 

ts* 

mirg! 

sr^rt 

Leprosy 

U*-v o'L? 1 ? 

korh 

- 

Swelling 

Qj tr u ' 

suj 

tpyfl 

Wart 

V 

masa 


Small pox 


mat a 

zws 

Bile 

cko^ 

baltor 

C5pt\Sl 

Blister 

ALT 

phaphola 


Itch 

cAA^ 

khujl! 

«Tt^l 

Ring worm 


dad 

fft^f 

Worm 

ry 

k!ra 


Sore 

cAl> 

ghao 

vn 

Pus 

ro 

pib 

t* 

Fistula 


bhagandar 


Inflammation 

<31;^ 

daho 

fft* 

Debility 


nirbal! 


Plague 


mar! 

^\5<5 


Of Remedies in General 


Physicking 

Oj U5s 

baida! 


Medicine 


^fehrtd t. 

Powder 


bukn! 

l.* 1 

Regimen 


ahar rog! k! 




13 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustanf. 

Bengali. 

Pill 


goK 

Wt 

Salve 


lep 

sr^rsr 

Bandage 

X)La.s 

patt.x 


Dose 


matra 

irtan 

Fomentation 


senkna 


Cure 

l kS, 

aram 



Of Quadrupeds. 


Animal 


jia jant 

£tt^ 

Beast 


pasu 


Quadruped 

<Sj(j.U.ladu 


Deer 


harn 


Buck 


harna 


Doe 


harm 


Antelope 

U^S>! 

chikara 


Elk 

Vjf 

barah singa 

OlTv5l<P 

Boar 


suar 


Sow 

i^UjjyLL 

suari 


Pig 

ill[jAa** 

suar k a bach a 

*tsfl 

Bull 


bail 


Bullock 

Jj13 %j\f 

badhia 


Cow 

XjOj teUjfg 

gae 


Ox 


badhia 

Prt^T\5l 

Calf 


bachhia 


Heifer 


kalar bakkan 


He-buffalo 

< j5U/o 5 (^3 

bhainsa 

srlr* 

She-buffalo 


bhainsi 

srWl 

Horse 

ijrjS 

ghora 

CSIlxFl 

Mare 


ghori 

ratft 

Mule 

jL»»\ 

khachar 

•4T5?r 

He-ass 


gadha 

sftsd 

She-ass 


gadhi 

^rr€r 

Camel 


unt 


Elephant 

<JLxj JLj 

hathi 


Female ele¬ 

jfaUtLs 

liathni 


phant 

H e-goat 

Jy. 

bakra 





14 



Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustiini. 

Bengali. 

She-goat 

Castrated goat 

balm 

khasi 

<rr^t 

Ibex 


ramsagal 

?rTsr^t«r®r 

Kid 

2Sr> 

halwan 

StSfcaOTftl 

Ram 


bhera mendha 

C^vSl 

Ewe 


bheri 

C^vft 

Dog 


kutta 

SS* 

Bitch 


kutia 


Puppy 


kutru 


Hound 


shikari kutta 


Lion 

j.x> j~y-£ «x«»| 

singh 


Tiger 

jxS* u&L 

bagh 


Tigress 

js^U^x&baghm 


Leopard 

hi 

chita 

frafata 

Rhinoceros 


gain da 

*tet<r 

Jackal 

Jliw 

gidar 

C*RTt^T 

Fox 

«b (y U-JjO 

lonori 

c-fc*r?rt^ 

Wolf 

«_oi \S^ 

bherian 


Bear 


rfchh 


He-monkey 

y^jy 

bandar 

TO?r 

She-monkey 

JS^U S±ijy 

bandari 


Cat 


billa 

f^5T«T 

Pole cat 


khatas katar 


Otter 


ud bilao 


Hare 


sasa 


Lizard 

&msLvL^ 

V * 

chhipkali 


Rat 

jli (Jwjaj 

musa 


Mouse 


chulu 

g^TjJI 

Squirrel 


gilehri 


Musk rat 


chhachhundar 


Porcupine 


sain 

*rat<F 

Camelion 


girgit 


Frog 


men dak 


Mangoose 

y* ] j 

neol 

cwt 

Flock 

&joj <xJi 

jhund 

*ft®r 

Couple 

©y 

jora 

CSttSl 

Horn 

CJ>> 

sing 

f*iw 

Hide 


charsa 

m 





15 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustaui. 

Bengali, 

Claw 


bakkut 

«rt*i 

Wool 


un 

Cc^rt^r 

Hoof 

r* 

khuri 


Horse shoe 


nal 

»rt®T 

Tail 


ponch 



Of Birds. 


Bird 


chiyia 

*rt«rt 

Cock (male) 

AjiP 0 

kukra, nuruka 

^\5l 

Hen 


kukri 

<^\5t 

Dunghill cock 

pala kukra 


Game cock 


laraok kukra 


Chicken 


chingna 

^^\5t?T ITfal 

Crow 

vLri t'j 

kauwa 


Raven 


jangli kauwa 


Crane 

C&is 

laglag saras 


Duck 


has 

tt*r 

Gander 

kj 

bans 

Stereo 

Goose 

kji 

raj hansi 


Dove 

iSj* 9 

'kapot 

’5T'5r 

<K<K 

Falcon 

* 

baj 

*1* 

Kite 

i a*) jtjiM 

chil 


Y ulture 


gidh 


Peacock 

Us 

mor 


Peahen 


mori 


Owl 

*** cs. 

ulu 


Bat 


chamgida bad- 
dor 


Cuckoo 


kaukil 

C<ptfa*T 

Nightingale 

i_j.jJti.if (JjJj 

bulbul 


Parrot 


tola,; sua 

C$tv5l 

Pigeon 

j*Ua. 

parewa 

*rr?<ri 

Tumbler 

lyliil 

nat 

csii^t 

King’s fisher 


machh ranga 

srtw?rtwi 

Male sparrow jj^suL* ^^s^goaria 

5\5l 

Female spar- 


gargya 



row 



16 


English. 

Swallow 

Turkey 

Partridge 

Teal 

Wing 

Plumage 

Beak 

Egg 

Egg shell 
Flying 
Cage 
Nest 


Fish 

Young fish 

Shrimp 

Crab 

Turtle 

Porpoise 

Alligator 

Shark 

Conch 

Muscle 

Snail 

Roe 

Fin 

Gills 

Scale 


Persian. 

iilla.4. 

esur £■!\js 

Jb 

ji 

<Xw2.JJ 

JO C^vo^J 

(Jl 


Hindi-Bindustani. 

chatak 

pero 

titar 

murghabi 
pankh 
palak 
chanch 
and a 

andaka silka 
urn a 
pinjra 
ghonsla 


Bengali. 

C*T& 

^\5^1 


Of Fisjies. 


ia> y*- 

1 

O^U.JL^«Xau 

yjlA 

J'b 


machhi 

bachhe machhi 

jhinga 

kekra 

kachhaa 

susok 

m agar 

hangar 

sankh 

sipi 

ghangha 
machhi ki an da 


u»y 

bii^o jl) 

sj 

^ l/oA/AiJ 

machhi ki par 

gal-phara 

chhilka 


c«tW 

Iwfl 

C^^Fl 

sr^?r 

*t*?r 

tot 

stow?#* 


Of Insects. 


Insect 

r-/ 

kira 


Grasshopper 


tiddi 


Worm 

CJ 

kenchwa 


Locust 

^-i /0 

tin 


Humble bee 


bhanwar 





17 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

BengAlf. 

Bee 

JjVj 

shahad ka- 
makhhi 


Firefly 


'pfc ban dm kirem 


Ant 


chunti 

f*r*rei 

Bug 


khat-mal 

TOc*frei 

Musquetoe 

AAj 

machbar 

3T^1 

Gadfly 


dans 


Fly 


makhi 

STTwt 

Flea 


piso 


Wasp 

JjVj 

bur, birnf 

c<rre$l 

Butterfly 


tit ri 


Louse 

(J*j 

chillar 


Nit 

&Sj~* 

likh 


Spider 

OyJ Si* 

makra 


Cobweb 


makri katar 

*rre$m?r nm 

Whiteant 


diwok 


Earthworm 


kenchwa 

recsi 

Leech 

fj 

jonk 

dire 

Scolopendra 

bjlyA IjJ^o 

kunkajara 

I^El 

Scorpion 


bichha 


Snake 


sanp 

*Tt»f 

Slough of a 
snake 

jUcu«.j^kenchli 


Venom 

r- 

bikh 

frs 

Sting 

cA'P 

dank 


Swarm 


jhund 

sire 

Honeycomb 

*f"t£^ghuri& 

afore 

Honey 


mad 


Wax 


mum 

omr 


Of Useful Trees and Plants. 

Sytisus casan oiji 

orar 


Annona squa- 

sharifah 

'srrei 

mosa 



Bromelia ana- 

in&ras 



nas 



18 


English. Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani, 

Bengali. 

Potatoes 

m 


Hollow of a Ojsr' 0 

chhachha 

C<5tT^T 

tree 



Flower spike 4*^ 

konpol 

ST^ft 

Bud 

tusi 


Flower 

phul 

TO 

Dust of flower dZJIj. 

porag 

*T?T*f 

Fruit j+i 

phal 

to 

Stone of a fruit 

bia phalke 


Kernel 

guda 

*rT*T 

Seed 

bia 



Of Metals and Stones. 


Mine 

(JlS.A/0 

khan 

<TfSr 

Mineral 


khani 


Metal 


dhat 

Sft$ 

Dross 


mail 

TO1 

Gold 

ills jj 

sona 


Silver 


chandi 

?&*n 

Copper 

fjojo 

tamba 


Brass 

& 

pital 

f*fTO 

Bell metal 

L&JJ 

kansa 

*Pt*H 

Iron 


loha 

cm w 

Steel 


ispat 


Lead 

CJyAO 

sis& 


Tu ten ag 

4ju«^ 

dasta 

w%\ 

Tin 

^*15 

rang 


Pinch-beck 


sohasa 

C37t^t>Tl 

Quicksilver 

«_>(+.£ AU 

para 

*ft?1 

Gem 


konpat 


Diamond 

u*Ul 

hira 

fkj\ 

Ruby 

Cbjjtj (Jjj 

chuni 

aft 

Emerald 


panna 

•fW 

Topaz 


pokhraj 

C*fT<P?rtS? 

Sapphire 


nilam 

qtc'nrft 

Turkois 


firoja 





19 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustdni. 

Bengdli. 

Amethyst 


marnk 


Cornelian 

<3 c f+i 

janinya 


Pearl 


muti 

wi 

Coral 


munga 

*r*Tl 

Stone 


pathor 


Touchstone 

jUji/o t£la;'* 5 

khasanti 

^rfNt«r<t 

Loadstone 

(J» As '.aLo ( _£L«» 

b) W A| 

chumak 


Marble 

jKjK^X^a 

marmar 


Flint 

(jSL>L-£L» 

chakmak 


Glass 


kanch 

3sft> 

Crystal 


billaur 



Clothing 

Of Apparel. 

poshak 

*rf?r*T?r 

Linen 

dills’ 

sutl 


Woollen 


uni 


Cotton wool 

<uij 

rm 

3T?Tl 

Velvet 


mukhmal 

•ST^STeT 

Broad cloth 

cij lu 

banat 

^5 v 

Muslin 

ui 

malmal 

* 

5!©T5reT 

Brocade 


kimkhab 


Riband 

)/ s 

fita putti 

f%«1 

Cap 

** 

tupi 


Turban d 


pagri 

*TT*f 

Fan 


panklia 

<W1 

Veil 

*bt 

ghunghat 

csrttn>1 

Coat 

U 

kurti 


Sleeve 

^■XXuj! 

astin 


Lining 


as tar 


Button 

X*io 

ghundi 

fst 

Loop 


phali 

fjSrtirt 

Pocket 


ghoghi 

csr<r 

Gown 

a xi L^. 

jamah 

irrsn 

Girdle 


putka 

*r^^i 




20 


English. 

Persian. Hindl-Hindust&ni. 

Bengali. 

Skirt 


daman 


Seam 


siwn 


Towel 

JU 

angachha 

sfTsnsl 

Handkerchief 

J U V 

rumal 

?5*rl*r 

Glove 


das tan a 


Shoe 

( J'*& 

juti 

©31 

Boot 

Xjj* 

muja 

viwz csrr©i 

Needle 


// 

sm 


Eye of needle 


suiki sarak 

ciw 

Thread 


taga 

^51 

Silk 

r^i 

tasar 


Jewel 

JUi) 

gahna 


Ear-ring 


karanphul 


Pendant 

1 

latakta 


Necklace 


har 


Chain 


sankar 


Nose jewels 


nath 


Bracelets 


kangan 


Bracelets for 

arms 

^'j Jew*,) 

bajuband 


Rings for toes 


pairka chhalla 

Ring 


chhalla 

, *rtwft 

Seal 


mahar 




Of Food 


Victuals 


khan a 


Drink 


pin a 


Flesh 


mans 

^t\5T 

Beef 


gaumans 

CifW\7J 

Veal 

AJLo^J" ‘JUMy.t 

bachhre ka 




gosht 

Mutton 

bherka gosht 

CIJ"^ 5rt\^ 

Roast 

wUi" 

kabab 

C*ftv51 

Boiled 


joshkiya huwa f^T^T 

Fried 

&££jf 

bhaji 

^T©1 

Greens 

Jfij SjJ 

sag 

nr* 

Broth 

bj~ 

shurwa 

cm*n 



21 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Eeng&fJ, 

Rice 


chawal 


Boiled vice 


bhat 

^5 

Milk 


dudh 


Cream 

, A 

malai 

*r?r 

Batter 


makhan 

STW 

Butter milk 


math a 

CTsItc’T 

Curdled milk 

iX+SZ*' 0 Ul> 

dad, dahi 

W$ 

Cheese 


panxr 


Thickened milk 

khir 

«Ft?T 

Vinegar 


sirka 


Oil 

i 

tel 


Pickle 

jLa.! jta.1 

debar 

^TEt?f 

Wheat 


genhun 

<t5T 

Millet 


bajara 

ftan 

Barley- 

J* 

jau 


Bran 


chukar 


Flour 


ata 


Bread 

ob 

ruti 

wft 

Mouthful 

&+SJ 

khawal 

fttai 

Draught 

IcjS 

ghuntf 

CFTdi 

Feast 

t5 jL*.|.<A5 o*iU*i 

bhanj 

C^tBf 

Guest 

a»U t A3 

pahun 


Host 

ejVjrV 0 

mezban 

wtf%c$f?r 

Tray 


kathra 

*rt?c<Fr*r 

Table-cloth 

chaddar mezka 

cto?: ^Tff?r 

Dish 


rikabi 


Plate 


bar tan 

ttjr 

Spoon 


doi 


Knife 


chhuri 

S[?rt 

Salt 


nimak 

e^*! 

Salt-cellar 


nimakdan 


Saltpetre 

by* 

saura 

C*TT?Tl 

Pepper 

<Jiii (JaIj 

siya unroll 


Sugar 


chini 

ftsft 

Sweetmeats 

!> u 

mfyhai 

fsrtnt 

Sugar-candy 


misri 


Wine 

J+*> V* 

mad 

STtrJ 

Dregs 


tirchhat mail 

tfTff 


22 


English. 

Persian. 

Cup 

aJLj 

Glass 

iltXw A J i->;J 

Bottle 

f^££>A'j*0 

Cork 

|*L *J 1 


House 

Of House 

AjlA. 

Edifice 


Building 


Wood 


Stone 


Brick 


Brickdust 


Broken brick 

sSj~£. A 

Lime 


Sand 


Soft clay 


Plaster 


Foundation 


Wall 


Corner 

&j 

Settle 

_J^lioo 

Door 

V l O* 

Bolt 

li.JJj.j Ajl/o 

Bar 


Lock 

(Jfij’ 

Key 

o.xlT 

Chink 


Hole 

£li>~ 

Window 

A^ji 

Venetian 


Arch 

od v t^° 

Pillar 

uO «>***• 

Roof 


Floor 


Threshold 

AjIauI 

Beam 



Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Bengali. 

tum bid 


piala 


bautal 


gatta 


and Furniture 


ghar 


fmarat 

fcSTftT® 

kautha 

OTtil 

lakn 


pathar 

*rN<r 

mt 


surkhi 


khawa 

c^rtin 

chun 


hall 


pindal kmchar 3 >Ttt1 

kali 


neo 


bhit 

C5f?t5T 

kuna 


kulangi 


kewar 

I** 

silli 

<rt^r 

belna 


tala 


kunji 

trfS 

•darar 


surakh 

C^ffl 

khirki 


kharkharya 

<r^<rv5Ti 

khilan 


tham 

«trt5r 

chhat 

W$5 

angan 

csrts? 

^Uadeurln 

CVfa?lT> 

kan 





English. 

Persian. 

23 

Hindi-Hindust6ni 

Beng41i. 

Rafter 


kandi 

^T^fl 

Board 


pat 

SRFl 

Chamber 

xys:^ 

kuthri 

^><rt 

Hall 


dalan 

TfT^TtST 

Bedchamber 


soneki kuthri 


Bath 


senk 

^WsfHT 

Spout 


tonti 

5T?PTsn 

Stair 

oWi/ tsjj A» sJrhi 


Step 

&sjj 

dag 

*Tt*f 

Story 

Ailxh 

tala 

ST*T1 

Ground floor 


mcheka tala 


Upper-story 


uparka tala 


Upper-room 

*ibUlb 

balakhanah 


Lower-roomed 

ektala ghar 

vii<p®t^rm?r 

Kitchen 

AjLs^-^jb Jf.Ah/crasai ghar 

?3RT*fT$ 

Chimney 


dhawa ghar 

csfmTOi 

Soot 


aranan 


Chair 


chauki 


Table a \fQx» VJ 

mez 

am *oj 

Carpet 


g^lichah 

*[f»nsl 

Chest 


sanduk 


Casket 


dibba 


Bedstead 


khat 


Bedding 


bichhawan 


Musquitoe 


rnasn 

srctfir 

curtains 

Coverlet 


palangposh 


Blanket 


kambal 


Quilt 

(jujjyt; »ji sr ^ 

gudri 


Sheet 


chadar 

5t*r?r 

Mat 

{jjji ous 

chat^i 

c&it 

Pillow 

4jSJb Aaxj 

balish 

55tf»PT 

Cradle 

V *jLn r 

hindula 

CWt*Rl 

Candle 


batti 

%vs\ 

Candle-stick 


shamadan 


Snuffers 


gulgir 

S^fsfiT 

Torch 

^jeljSuo 

JU&-0 Alxli 

mushal, damur sr*ft?T 


24 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustsm'. 

Bengali. 

Lamp 

Zb* £ dia 

SftfM 

Wick 

aJLIJ 

bati 


Large pot 

Pot 

JLay/o 

kalchur 

hand! 

^T\51 

Chaffing-dish 


barusi 






Hearth 


chula 

Flaggon 

*1/ 

surahi 


Wooden-pestle 

mils al 


Wooden-mortaiv^cy 1 * 

ukhli 

S«r*rt 

Lid 


dhakna 

3T?n 

Basket 


tokrl 


Bucket 


dul 


Bell 

•j* 

ghanta 


Mill-stone 


chaki 

fel 

Pestle and 


hamamdista 

*Wsrf**i 

mortar 




Water-pot 


thiliya 

^©T*ft 

Jar 

rf* 

raatka 

Start 

Cup 

jS\ua 

piala 

<rlft 

Vessel 

OJjl 

bartan 

*tt3f 

Frying-pan 

AjIj 

karahi 


Spit 

Fork 


slkh 

kanta 

<|t^1 

Ladle 


dal 

^$1 

Comb 

A}U» 

kanghl 


Looking-glass 

i Axif 

arsi 


Picture 

jlr** 

chitar 


Spectacles 

i®ikxc 

chashmah 


Tooth-pick 

Jill 

khurka 


Tongs 

pubis' chiinta 

fwnfc 

Scissars 

u^!>° 

katarni 

2Pt^t 

Stable 

JldaAwt 

istabal 

CETtvftnt^l 

Bridle 

r KJ e,Up 

bag 

5rr$froT?r 

Bit 


nahari 

artist 

Martingale 

AXijii 

peti 

c*rft 

Saddle 

Uij 

palan 


Spurs 


kanta 



25 


English. Persian. 

Stirrups <->(£ 

Curry-comb 


Hindi-Hindust&ni. Bengali, 
rikab 
kharahra 


Of Husbandry. 


Husbandry 


kisnai 


Husbandman 

jK £jlyx> ei&^kisan 


Land 

UV 1 

dharti 


Wilderness 

(JXxa. 

ban 


Garden 


bagan, upabun 

Flower-garden eALJtf 

phulwari 


Field 

ify° 

khet 

cw$ 

Thrashing- 

*i 

khaliyan 

<m?r 

floor 

Pasture 


charao 

C*ttt 

Meadow 


sahet 


Hedge 


tatti 

C^vFl 

Grass 

Kk’ 

ghas 

*TT*T 

Plough 

<Xxt.» 

hal 


Yoke 

gjj «>lJ cL 

jua 

c^rt?ft:«T 

Harrow 


henga 

art 

Cart 

C)j<s/ \j* 

gan 

Sft\5l 

Wheel 

6* 

chakur 


Cartei- 

v&tolftg&rw an 


Bar n 

jbil 

khaliyan 

c^tmi 

Corn 

aJLc 

anaj an 

*mj 

Ear of corn 


ball 


Sheaf 


anti 


Stock 


tal, atal 


Coarse grass 


khar 

<r\s 

dried 

Rice straw 


bichali 


Chaff 


bhusi 


Seed 

a* 

biz 

Ihs 

Mildew 


chita 


Sower 


bowunhar 

*5RJl 

Reaper 

XMjjS 

katwya 

*%rri 

Weedhook 

o-..<£p 

khurpi 

ItiytHt 




26 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Bengali. 

Landlord 


jamidar 


Tenant 


bharait 

Vt^Jl 

Farmed district 

ijara. 

t©T?Tl 

Farmer of dis 
trict 


ijaradar 

tutiTTfr? 

Revenue 


kar 

-^rtaftart 

Rent 


bhara 



Of Trade and Commerce. 

Handicraft 

baibsa 


Handicraftsman 

kangar 


Merchant 


mahajan 

srctsw 

Merchandize 


bisahni 

W7H 

Commerce 


banj 


Business 

j\£ oLob/O 

kam 


Principal 

cho! 

mal 


Interest 


beyaj 


Premium 

<xLa 

dharat 


Discount 

e 

meti, batta 


Stipulated time 

miyad 

csnr t* 

Profit 


labh 

eTt^ 

Loss 

jjs2> 

tati 

sift 

Loan 


udhar 

srt<r 

Creditor 


sadh 


Debtor 


rinia 


Payment 

w 

parisud, ada 

*rftc*fT*r 

Pledge 


bandhak 


Mortgager 

u A b 

bandhak dene- 
wala 

^WCW'8301 

Mortgagee 


do. rukhnewala 

Sale 


bikao 

f?^p<r 

Seller 


bichoya 

onRJI 

Buying 

lenden 


Buyer 


gahak 

S** 

Broker 


dallal 

PftWT^T 

Brokage 


dallali 

Tftcrr^t 

Customary 

£J*P° 

dasturi 


Price 

O+JkJ l^J 

mol 

*f<r 



27 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustdni. 

Bengali. 

Market 


hath 

^1©T?r 

Rate 

& 

bhao 


Ready-money 

*SL) 

rauk 

qrt<? 

Import 


bharti 

wrwhft 

Export ' 


nikasi 

<r3T*t 

Partnership 


sajha 

^TT^n 

Partner 


sajhi 


Part or share 


bant 


Shop 


hat 


Shopkeeper 


mudi 

artotft 

Customer 

^yoUl 

gahki 

'•rflrsrnr 

Banker 


seth 

C&0 1 

Hawker 

c foystjy* 

pheriwala 

c*pf!rs?mi 

Pedlar 


besati 

C<Rfat 

Sample 


bangi 

•1**1 

Earnest money ail*# 

bayna 

*T**1 

Deposit 

oibol 

dHarohar 


Wealth 

(J ho 

samput 

SR 

Money 

jj 

paise 


Bond 


tamassuk 


Receipt 


rasid 

?f*w 

Note 

LA) 

chmh 

fi»*f 

Assignment 

jsiy^ 5 

barat 

Sl?t® 

Bill of sale 


bikao mulliya 


Bill of exchang 

;e 

hundi 


Release 

C5 31A J 

chhutti 

sirtlwSt 

Written agree¬ 
ment 

^•r 

hor 

«flsRTt?Rtsrl 

Advance 


peshgi 


Contract 

jV'jy 

hor 


Advertisement 

a^ 1 

ishtihar 


List 


bijak 

©TTT 

Credit 

c*- 

jama 

©sil 

Debt 


kharch 

*«t?E 

Balance 

C5»“V 

baqi 

*rr<£t 

Overplus 

cl^L» 

fajil 


Charges 


lagat 

•*r?re*f3r 

Expenditure 


kharch 

3571T 



28 


English. 

Agent 

Agency 


Factory 
Apprentice 
Guardian 
Ward 
Goods 
Letter 
Signature 
Seal 
Date 
Post 
Postage 
Account 
Waste book 
Journal 
Ledger 
Accountant 
Writer 
Passport 
Clearance 
Duty 
Wharf 
Ferry 
Ship 
Boat 

Ferry-boat 

Fleet of boats 

Cable 

Rope 

Anchor 

Mast 

Sail 

Rudder 

Oar 

Towing-rope 
Flag-staff 


Persian. 

i, ilj tj l+t 

xtjirt 

a***- 

tuk 




£0® 

<>^l3 

c r **»ls='° Jjs :' 0 

j-y-'O 

j [ ** 

> 

»jiyj 

iw£uo jji 


Hindi-Hind u stint. 

karta 

gumashtagm 

kuthi 

sikh 

amin 

pala 

rnai 

khat 

likhawat 

chhap 

tlth 

dakia 

dakki kharcha 
hisab 
khasra 
ruznama 
raukr 
lekhak 
klrani 
parwana 
chalan 
lagta 
lagan ghat 
khewaghat 

jhaj 

nao 

khewa nao 
bahar 
jeora 
rassa 
langar 
mastul 
pal 

pat war 
dand 


IjiJuS U"^ gutl 

chhar 


Beng4H. 

cJftwtRft 

c^t$t 

srt^ 

arts? 

vstc^?r*9f?r^ 

Sit^fl 

C5t«Rt«rl 

«rtoi 

rest 

srPjyr 
©TffitreiiT* 
c-*rsi *rti>i 

STPStSi 

c<sTc*tel 

re<r 

jrft 

®rer?r 

5TF§*T 

*rtt©r 

s«i 


29 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Beng&li. 

Flag 


jhanda 


Cargo 

vV 

bhurti 

CTOtt 

Boat-man 


naiya 


Ferry-man 


naiya gujaraki 


Helms-man 


majhi 

srteft 

Rower 


dandi 


Steers-man 


gulaiya 


Supercargo 

PJ** 

charhandar 


Captain 

Axe 

mahant 

srrc^mn 

Mate 


kama 

sitlilsr 

Wages 


talab 

srtf^sn 

Daily wages 


rozmarrah 


Monthly wages abcp 

mabma 


Animal wages 

Lu/o 

baras mahma 

W?reTf*5fl 


Of Trades and Profession. 


Professors 


beohar 


Physician 

jA. C-OjA 

baid 


Druggist 

jibs- 

pan sari 


Art 

diljkj j.1a 

gun 


Artist 


sughar 

3»Tfii<i»<r 

Workhouse 


karkhana 


Goldsmith 

ff 

sonar 

OT?f£1 

Brasier 


kansari 


Blacksmith 


lohar 

*T*rt?T 

Sawyer 


karati 


Furbisher 


saikalgar 


Carpenter 


barhai 

^t?T 

Turner 

C5jLr^ 

kharadi 

#fffr 

Rope-maker 


kanjar 

ff\FJl 

Carver' 

<j&iyi_£As fx&'xZ chitarkar 


Bricklayer 

jb f*** 

raz 


Potter 

J US’ fu^ 

kumar 

?prr<r 

Engraver 


darab 


Jeweller 


jauhari 


Baker 

JlyV> 

rotiwala 

3Pift«¥t*n 

Butcher 

i_>Laj 

kasai 


Confectioner 

etV- 

halwai 

*nr?n 






30 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Fisherman 


maclihwa 

Steffi 

Cook 


rasuia 

<r^?i 

Grocer 

jiSj ’ 

bania 


Green-seller 


kanjra 

^®\5l 

Water-carrier 


bhesti 

iWt 

Vintner 


kalwar 

fft 

Weaver 

JSiidjlj 

tanti 

vstst 

Linendraper 

3!>J 

bajaz 

3>T*£5J1 

Dyer 


rangrez 


Washerman 

& 

barautha 

cm 

Taylor 

J&jy* 

darzi 

w$ it 

Carrier 

0*0 b 

mutia 


Shoemaker 


rnuchi 

ijnst. 

Barber 

r'^ 

nai 


Book-binder 

lids' 0 

jildgar 

f%r®TTf^r<r 

Painter 

Jilaj Jy&A 

chitera 


Gardener 


mail 

srt^t 

Bird-catcher 


chirimar 


Hunter 


shikari 


Tinman 

Jls*M U° U J 

kalaigar 


Oilman 


tell 


Milkman 

Jy- dbA?^ 

ahir 

c$n?rT*n 

Oowherd 


goala 


Shepherd 


g arena 

OTWta 

Paper-maker 


kaghazi 

<Pt*m7i 

Printer 


chhepi 


Dance 

U<*> 

nach 

^57 

Dancer 

u°bj 

nachwya 


Dancing-woman 

kanchini 


Beggar 

|ii! 

bhlchhuk 


Juggler 

JiS) 1 * 

dithband 


Buffoon 


bhand 


Musician 

gania 


Singer 

jf*Jj** 

gaen 


Press 

t Jt£+&S 

kalhu 


Mould 

&m»a> li^Jl^ 

sancha 


Paint 


rang 

?rsF 

Brush 


jharap 

$cft 


31 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust6ni. 

Bengali. 

Loom 


rachh 

i 5t'$ 

Shuttle 


maka 

' 5ltf 

Warp 


bharni 


Spinningwheel 

charkha 

5?T*1 

Gilding 


malamva 

3T*rai 

Fishing rod 


chhan machhi 

fT£*T 



pakarneka 


Snare 

(*’•> 

phand 


Net 


dhaba 

®tt«T 

Fishing hook 

^AboujlUi 

kanta 


Bait 


khana machhi 

C^T*T 



kl 


Tool 

oJ! jjjl 

hathiyar 


Anvil 

oIsS*, mhai 

GC5.it 

Hammer 

4s^ 

hathauri 


Pincers 


sangsi 


Nail 


kil 


Screw 

& 

pech 

c% 

Mallet 


mangri 


File 


reti 

§«ri 

Adze 

<j»jb 

baes 

T 

Awl 

tjij* 

sutari 


Plane 


randa 

C#W1 

Gimlet 


barm a 


Saw 

*>' 

krant 


Razor 

1jL»1 

ustara 


Scissars 


katarin 

^Tf5 

Instrument for 

naran 


cutting nails 



Sieve 

ai^jo J bf 

chalni 


Fan for win¬ 

kula 

<F®T1 

nowing corn 




Pedals 


dheki 

Cp*t 


Of a Court of Justice. 

Court adalat wnrt«R5 

Civil Court adalat dewam 




English. Persian. Hindi-Hindust&ni. Bengali. 

Criminal Court^jt«>^eJl.^ adalat faujdaii ^TfrT^FS 


Supreme Court^Wl^l^ 

ban adalat 


Court of re- 

^ oJ| &C 

chhoti adalat 


quest 

Judge 


jaj 


Clerk 

jys* 

lekhak 

C®T<T3» 

Attorney 

JUfj 

wakil 


Reader 


parbaya 


Claim 


bad 

Vt'OTl 

Suit 


ulahana nalish 

Fee 

fyv 

rasum 


Cost 


kharcha 


Right 


neao 

jam 

Plaintiff 

Defendant 

badi 

prit badi 


Bail 


jamin 


Bail for ap- 


hazir jamin 


pearance 

Bail to answer 

• 0 

mal jamin 

stfarartfaR 

a demand 

Security for 


feyal jamin 

CWtSTSlTf^ 

good beha¬ 
viour 

Tribunal 


kaehahri 


Trail 

Ms? .. 

bichar 

f<ret?r 

Oath 


sapat 

*r*f «r 

Witness 

&\jS 

sakhi 


Evidence 

Oj-}j 

parman 

£far«i 

Guilty 


papi 


Confession 

jl J »! 

ekrar 

StfSTC 

Denial 

;K>\ 

nanh 

srtsrto 

Arbitration 


panchait 


Arbitrator 

;aJti " 

panch 


Umpire 


amin 


Award 

&L^A3 

chukana 

<npTKtsn 

Decision 

JLaai! 

niptara 

f^j% 

Crime 

»\.if fjS*. 

P&P 


Criminal 


papi 





33 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-IIindustani. 

Bengali. 

Offence 


das 


Murder 


hattea 

^'JJI 

Murderer 

JjL» 

hatteara 


Adultery 


chhinala 


Adulterer 


chhinalia 

‘ E TT<rtfTf?[^ 

Fornication 


bibhehar 


Rape 


pribalta 

Wt*5T?T 

Whoring 


kasbi bazi 

OTJTsm 

Whoremonger 

rendibaz 

c<r*m?rT^t 

Treason 

cpltfo 

chhal 


Thief 


chor 

cist<r 

Theft 

A 3 j*» 

chon 

C5T<fl 

Robbery 


dab a 


Robber 


daku 


Burglary 


sendh 


Housebreaker 

Arson 


sendhia 
ghar men ag 
dena 


Sacrilege 

tj I iAA. jjj.lxA/0 &) 

ishar ka kuch 
barn a 


Cut-purse 


jeb katra 


Perjury 

t— 

jhuti saputh or 
kasatn 

fsOT' f W 

Forgery 


jhuta kaghas 
banana 


Bribe 


ale or 

•snr 

Gaming 


khel 

ir?rl 

Gamester 

)b K +> 

juari 


Gaming-house 

' C g)^+*LS^ 

far 

ws 

Whore 

Jj } 

kanchni 

r*171 

Bawdy-house 

A> lib. CL) Ijl^iL 

kasbi ka ghar 

R*tJteR 

Pimp 


bharwa 


Bawd 

*jy* 

kutiff 


Quarrel 

0/Oj.v^A. A^i.jIa/0 

jhagra 


Abuse 


gall 


Mutual beatingeHii;^‘Ti>0<0 

marpit tarfenka srfaTsrtft 

Assault 


war 

?rr?r^ 



34 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Punishment 


tarn a 


Threat 


dhamki 

*3^ 

Prison 

lylao) pandit khanah ^T?rt$tT<r 

Plouse of cor¬ 
rection 

l(Jj t 

pandit khanah 
tarneka 

Prisoner 


bandhna 


Stocks 


hal 

vi\S 

Fetter 


ben 


Pinion for the 
hands 


hathkan 


Chain 


sankar 


Scourge 

A j tjj b 

kara 

c^t^l 

Hanging 

<3^ 

pliansi 


Executioner 

a** 

nasak badlk 

eimbt 

Retaliation 


hair 

cn u 

Pardon 

obt/o 

chhima 

W*1 

Action, suit 

lt-JU ulahuna duhaitlhai 5(Tf^PT 

Affidavit 

(—’ # 

dibbi 


Decree 


aggea 

f?mf% 

Accusation 


opabad 


Accuser 

bad! 


Libel 


opabad 


Innocent 


bhala 


Conviction 


nishche 

W<rT^t3;?:«l 

Ordeal 

iy'^ /0 l 

parklna 


Will 


manman patar 


Gift 


dan 


Donor 


data 

Tft'Sl 

Summons 

i_Jh> 

bulahut chitln 


Warrant 

agea patar pa- 
karne ka 

Of a School. 

■ ra* 

School 


chatsar 


College 

&MJ&> 0 

patsala 


Professor 

^*L/0 (JVJ&JC 

pandit 


Studious 

V 


chintanhar 

fwNf 





35 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindf-Hindustdni. 

Bengali. 

Student 


bideaarthi 

vf^i 

School-master 

' 51/0 j Hint 

akhun pande 

^frtp^rgp 

Teacher 


sichhak guru 


Scholar 


sikh 


School-fellow 


■* ekpath 


Teaching 


sikhana 


Lesson 


pat 


Learned 

pi-H-e yiy pandit 


Reader 

lsj '** 

parhwya 


Book 

obis’ 

puthi 

*ifk 

Page 


pithauta 


Leaf 

ojj ^y. 

pat, patta 


Margin 


kinara, si wan a 


Line 


lakir 

*ftf3 

Author 

twftiwOO 

granthkar 


Paper 

^Uoy oils’ 

kaghas 

^TsfSi 

Ink 

oto/o 

kali 


Pen 

&/ol:k 

likhni 


Nib of a pen 


thar likhniki 


Slit of a pen 


likhniki chir 

^^5r?rf^T 

Penknife 

y t^. t^.il^L' 

chhuri 


Inkstand 

(itltX*.!* 

daw at 


Pencil 


sliishakalikhni 


Writing 

y.j=z* 

likha 


Reading 

&xllh./o 

parhna 


Original 


paihla 


Copy 

CJ£i 

pirtia 


Foul draught 


musawada 

^mflnn 


Of a 

Kingdom. 


Kingdom 

Oxi^/o oj.Jal.ws 

raj 

?1®j 

Emperor 


rajadhiraj 


King 

(^Ualwss t£lLo ut/iotjraja 

?T®1 

Queen 

ailkl^s a>ll/o 

rani 


Prince 


jubraj 


Princess 


rajkumari 

?rTTO01 

King*s heir 

i£l Jbc&jtj 

jubraj 


Tyrant 


updrabi 




36 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustanl. 

Bengali. 

Usurper 

i-JAi/ozubardast 

StSTTWliT* 

Dynasty 


raj bans 

?T5rcv t r 

Majesty 

C fj 

partab 


Excellency 


barai 

srfssfl 

State 


raj 

5t<r?FT?: 

Government 

raj 

^*rf5wt3r 

Governor 


bara sahib. 

?T®?7Ttwrft 

Throne 


karta 

pat 


Crown 

-r^l z [s 

chandi makut sift* 

Levee 

J b .j* 

darbar 


Umbrella 


chhata 


Canopy 


shanuana 


Coronation 


ablshekh 


Palace 

iJs^)b 

sad an raj-bhu 

i- jimft 

Court of Prince 

wan 

darbar raj aka 


Edict 

feljJ &\*>j3 

rajagea 

^tSPSTfSIl 

Mandate 

f&A. JC) 

agea 


Destitute of a 


urajak 


King 

Ministers of 


raj mantn 


state 

Ambassador 


raj daut 

<rT©VT5 

Embassy 

I* Uj 

sandes sandesa GffWfaF?rf 

Treasurer 


rakaria 

c^rwj^ 

Treasury 

AjiyA 

kathi 


Spy 


bhedia 


Express 

li 

dauraha 

Kt^vSJl 

News 

jb.AI 

sundesa 

TOTERT 

Province 

t u 

jila 


District 

Ah A 

pargana 


City 


nagar 


Town 

Aa*sj 

nagar, pur 


Country 

8<i 

des,gao 


Road 

*b 

bat 


Street 


gall 

5f5?t 

Lane 


naka 





37 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-IIindustanl. 

Bengali. 

Quarter 


tola 

*rt^i 

Port 

j&jj 

kaul 

^<T 

Boundary 


siwana 


Subject 


parja 

Sim 

Inhabitant 


rahanhara 


Foreign coun- 


pardes 

fror*r 

try 

Foreigner 

Li 

pardesi 

faCFpft 

Native 

cs'Oji 

desi 

ctf*r®rr^ 

Traveller 

L»/c 

parjutini 


Journey 

OjJ Iwo jSIm» 

kuch 


Population 

LSjj **-' 0 

basti 


Desolation 

C5^ 

ujar 


Ally 


satin 


Treaty 

A/oG^ t £ 

banao 

fsT?r^T 

Mint 

t-j 

taksal 


Coin 


rapayah 


Land revenue 

^■jiixOUo 

kar, taran 


Collector of 


tahsildar 


revenue 

Settlement of 

bandbast 


•revenue 

Tribute 


khirajj kar 

^<r 

Rent-free 


lakhiraj 

cwwtu?r 

Increase 

iJ*kj 

barhti 

*fk 

Decrease 


ghatti 


Register 


sarishtadar 


Virtue 

ts^ 

knit, bhulai 


Vice 


burai 

15IK& 

Good quality 


gun 


Fault 

Uai. 

dokh 

«T* 

Parsimony 


karpune 


Extravagance 

JjAi 

udhikai 


Rudeness 


dlnthai 

i?Tf® 

Gentleness 


b halm an si 


Truth 

<3^ 

such 




38 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani 

Bengali. 

Falsehood 


jhuth 

Ivcn 

Industry 


teh a 

^sfr*rtcrei 

Idleness 


kahili 


Negligence 

Collie (JULo 

dhilai 


Prudence 


soch 

*Tf|r«iTarwt^ 

Continence 

y&Ji 

nem, sunjam 

fetsl^rei 

Wickedness 


ulmat 

TH&-51 

Goodness 


bhalai 


Craftiness 


natkhati 

5f^5l 

Cs 

Innocence 

iJk L5 A ^4- 

bholapan 


Blasphemy 

pasundata 

*rr*a$i 

Sin 

jsui 

patuk 


Capital sin 


barapatuk 


Sinful 


papuha, papi 


Integrity 

oj^ol 

sacliai 

*rK1$fj 

Circumspection^.; 

chauksai 

^TSkITSI 

Courage 


surmapun^anban^t^ 

Cowardice 


hethapun 

3t»T 

Dissimulation 

Ijj 

kaput 

<Ft*n>J 

Hypocrisy 


makar, kaput 


Modesty 


laj 

*ra£T*it*r5i 

Impudence 

t5 J ‘r - 4“ 

dhithai 

fspfaRW 

Praise 

<JujA 3 ho 

astute surah 


Fame 

^/olx£w 

nam 


Disgrace 


laj apuman 

Wart* 

Flattery 

^-jbL o^fjfcjidallaputta 

** 

Vengeance 

^Uei.j| <xJoj 

bair 

3T , af5 ; 5Vr^ 

Forgiveness 

jSI£- 

chhema 

^t«r?rtwt^c 

Temperance 

JlAipl 

madh 


Excess 

«/*k5 

sursai 


Benevolence 


sil 


Gratitude 

L»a.| 

suchauti 


Ingratitude 

^.’Ijji-kirtaghunata 


Severity 

JLs* *JLe 

sirsirahat 

t*fnrei 

Impatience 

" (Sj** 4- 

utaoli 

*ltTO5l 

Honesty 

o,jb,i sachchai 



39 


English. 

Persian,. Ilindi-Hindustam. 

Bengali. 

Dishonesty 

OjUa, iUjfi— 

adharm 

<5r*nrsral 

Extortion 

c5 , 3’D 0,v,,i 

mchar 

Wtfsf 

Familiarity 


sakhya 

W 

Ceremony 


rft 

f't&tstS 

Docility 


medha 

CWl 

Deceit 

& j t_* JjS 

clihal 


Fraud 


thagai 


Knavery 


julbazi 

"ffcsl 

Wanton 


dhitha 


Rashness 

jV c J*j v 1 ^ 

chaplya 


Sloth 


askut 


Fickleness 


ochhai 

5TSt5*tJ 

Villainy 


bat pari 

5PT^?R$1 

Cruelty 


nithurai 


Animosity 


lag 


Calumny 

e^3 !j£*I 

kalank 


Enmity 


lag 

*f^1 

Friendship 

V s * 

hit 


Haughtiness 

jjj* 

ghamand 


Ostentation 


huha 

^srTTOtTsrl 

Worldly-mind 


sansarikbasun 

a ft^nr<rT*Rl 

edness 

Purity 

ojtaj 

sudhata 

TO51 

Abstinence 

jPji 

n em, sanjum 

1*1 

Chastity 


sushilta 

*T5b53 

Fortitude 

l fjrf* L5& 1 *j* 

blrjya 


Charity 


dan 

ffT^9 

Humility 

^ Vjo 

namurta 

5^T51 

Boldness 

o^tsr" 

dilchali 


Thankfulness 


dhanyabad 

*rcj?rtff 

Hatred 

Alj^) hair chirh 

cr?r 

Bravery 

CSJ^ Lffjt 3 * 

biruta 


Carefulness 


chauksai 


Regret 

OUnlj 

pachhtawa 

^5t*f 

Gentleness 


kamulta 

• IT 5 ) 

Graciousness 


daya 

3pn*T51 


40 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Kindness 


my a 


Submission 


dubao 


Willingness 

fij 

prisandta 


Insolence 


mugrai 


Learning 


bidia 

*nfw 

Misconduct 


kurit 


Surprise 


achanak 

f<3R 

Forbearance 

jiiii 

bachao 

fsf^l 

Energy 


bal 


Inadvertency 

Ac 

chuk 

sfsrtTf 


Adjectives of Men. 


Able 

dbli 

jogya 


Abominable 

iSjf'o 

ghinauna 

3R1FT? 

Active 

A^i^. O^M.^ 

charphura 


Acute 

rijyj 

surta 


Admirable 


adbhut 

spTywta 

Adverse 

lJiJKs / 0 

ulta 


Affable 


milansar 

IT 

Affectionate 


my k want 


Ambitious 


umangi 

^tCS0 

Amorous 


rasia 


Angry 


kradhi 

C3FtSJt 

Anxious 


udasi 


Apostate 


phira 


Arrogant 

^Xi/O Jjjk* 

ahankari 


Ashamed 

fttXXjCjMl (jj (+A.&J 

lajjit 


Attentive 

cAr* 

chaukas 


Avaricious 

U< oija. £clk 

lalclff 


Awful 

t_£0o*j..v4> 

bhyanak 


Bad 

.X) 

bura 

3I**f 

Barbarous 

<Jbkla. jjiXxAlyli 

ganwaru 


Bashful 


lajwant 


Beautiful 


sundar 


Benevolent 


silwant 

fefo'srl' 

Bountiful 

ts*** u*b* 

data 

vrT^5i 

Brave 


surma 






English. 

Persian. 

41 

Hindi-Hindust&n!. 

Bengali. 

Caballer 


kumantr! 


Cajoler 

iV* 

phulasribaz 


Careless 


dlnla 


Cheat 

jbaL-k 

tliag 


Cheerful 


hansor 


Clpwnish 


ganwarpari 


Content 

", ^ 1*0 

santaki 


Covetous 


labhi 


Coward 


heta 


Crazy- 


baola 

^srs 

Diligent 


dhuni 


Discreet 


gambhira 


Drunk 

j A • tQ 

JL>+* 

matwala 

5Rj 

Dull 


gaodi 


Eager 

<S li Aoj.<fc 

abilasl 


Elegant 

vJ)tj 

kamal 


Eloquent 


khub kahaia 


Faithful 


dharmi 

ft&$ 

Faithless 

2__ HjL, 

adharmi 


Famous 

JjM tj jU/oli 

sirkarln 


Fearful 

ti)Lojj (*j 

hetha 


Fickle 

i 

ochha 

ESf3*T 

Furious 

<xiJ 

siri 

59 

Generous 

^jjjy^^Usdata 


Gentle 


kiilm 


Great 


bara 

*\5 

Handsome 

sundar 


Happy 

vyiy 0 ^ 

magan 


Heinous 

- jLmJ 

bara papi 


Heroic 


birjban 


Hopeful 

jljAx«o| 

hanhar 

^SlHtCSWT 

Hopeless 


mras 

fa<rt*r 

Humane 

(jUot 

blialamanas 

*fc3Tt*W?t 

Idle 

• Ja!£ 

dhila 


Jester 


thuthebaz 


Ignominious 


ghat 

*F§5fT<P<C 

Illiterate 

Jlkta. jyof 

anparha 

\\ 

Immodest 


nilajja 




42 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindustini. 

Bengali. 

Impatient 

C-XXX&li 

utaola 


Imperious 

JJj** 

sircharha 


Impious 


papi 

'si^ssf 

Improvident 

4jijj.il j.jjj aprinamdarsak 

Incapable 

1* JJ 

naras 


Incontinent 

->***!“ 

indriobas 


Infirm 


durbal 


Ingrateful 


benikh 


Innocent 


sidha 

fjmm 

Insensible 

jjmj.A^_ ^ya.2_. 

sun 


Insidious 

jlxc jKc 

lapati 


Invidious 

^.jXil(_jaij 

dahi 


Jovial 

4^Lo,iU» t 

rasik 

<ri^ 

Joyless 

udas 


Just 

JjG 5 ^jIj 

mai 

srMtfsfa 

Kind 


daydl 

^|i>* 

Knavish 


banchak 


Laborious 


dhuni 


Languid 


dhila 


Laudable 


sarah nejag 

£Hw 

Learned 

cbiii 

pandit 

^f^-5 

Lewd 


kami 


Lying 

Jjvj* 

jhiitha 


Libertine 


liichlia 


Litigious 


jhagralu 


Malicious 

4jj*j jit Jj JS[j5k JJ 

ghunna 


Meek 

l*jllo ^.Jjlrw 

narm 


Miser 


> kripan 


Noxious 

J-wil/C jf&K 

hingsak 

fk\*T<F 

Obstinate 


magrd 


Oppressive 


bhari diikdayuk 

Outcast 

JJJjjo Xjljt 

jatibhrangs 


Outrageous 


ag,baola 


Partial 

jljtijb 

ori 


Passionate 


krodlu 


Patient 

_jJ cl+s^ 0 

dhirujman 


Pious 

J&o 

dharmi 



43 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Placid 


kamul, bhala 

*tt« 

Proud 

J9J** 

ahungkan 

^\f5 

Pure 


nirmal 


Quiet 

rb' 

anand 


Quarrelsome 


jhagralu 


Rakish 


bepnman 

CcTt^l 

Ravenous 

f/otk 

marbhuka 

C*fT?* 

Rustic 


ganwar 


Sagacious 

LS 0 

chatur 


Sage 


pandit 

^T%5Tt=T 

Salacious 

j *j> 

m at j an mat 


Saving 

JH& 

aji 


Scrupulous 


chintit 


Scurrilous 


paji 

55* 

Selfish 

»—dJa/o,jjiL 

apswarthi 

Wff 

Senseless 


niras, sun. 


Severe 

<>ii yxi 

mrdya 


Silent 

(JWJ./C Li. 

cbup^ cbupchdpCsfl^t 

Sociable 

<y l J“ lc 

milansar 


Talkative 


batuni, bakki 

*\p[\5Jl 

Tiresome 


thakau 

^Tf%<F<c 

Tranquil 

2^1 

thir 


Troublesome 

JlM 

atpatangi 


Vagabond 

xj'jT 

shohdha 


Venerable 

&<**&** 

manindi 

srfaj 

Vicious 

OJ i^yj 

bura, nikhid 

5* 

Vigorous 


balwunt 


Uneasy 


bekal 


Unskilled 

ouljli 

ajan 


Unwilling 

c5^b G 

anman 

^if^SgTv^ 

Wise 


budhman 


Worldly 

sansank 


Zealous 


lagun 




44 


Of Arts and Sciences. 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Science 



gun 


Art 

&ijib jia 


dhab 


Root 



jar, mul 

sftf 

Instruction 


upadesak 


Arithmetic 



ganit 


Figure 


ank 



cU> 



Cypher 



bindu 


One 

1 

&£> 

ek 


Two 

r 


do 

* i* 

Three 

r 


tin 

l%*r 

Four 

P 


char 

8 

Five 

e 

f: 

panch 

(t ®ft5 

Six 

n 


chhah 


Seven 

v 


sat 


Eight 

A 


ath 

v 

Nine 

1 


nau 

a 

Ten 

»• 

80 

das 

5° vr*r 

Eleven 

H 

8ojt» 

giyarah 

Si 

Twelve 

l r 

80j!j0 

bar ah 

** ^dir 

Thirteen 

<r 


terah 

c®5 

Fourteen 

Ip 


chaudah 

^8 CSfat 

Fifteen 

10 


pandrah 

s<t c*ftc^r 

Sixteen 

n 

JS0jP^& 

solah 

C*t*T 

Seventeen 

i» 

godlA 

satarh 


Eighteen 

1A 


atharah 

5 b- 

Nineteen 

11 

8ojy 

unis 

^t*T 

Twenty 

r* 

O/waJ 

bis 


Twenty-one 

ri 


ekis 

** 4f*r 

Twenty-two 

r r 


bais 


Twenty-three 

rr 


te-is 

v® c^t 

Twenty-four 

rj* 

chaubis 

\S 

Twenty-five 

ro 


pachis 


Twenty-six 


chhabls 


Twenty-seven «’ v c 

satais 


Twenty-eight 

ta o^CtwJ 

athais 

*rfrt**r 

Twenty-nine 

r 1 


untis 



45 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

Thirty 

r • 


tis 

f3*f 

Thirty-one 

■M 


ektis 


Thirty-two 

rr 

JtJcs'* 

battis 

O* *fapf 

Thirty-three 

rr 

***JlS*" 

tetis 

oo refcpn- 

Thirty-four 

rr 


chautis 

08 C^fg^f 

Thirty-five 

re 


paintis 

vs (t 

Thirty-six 

r 1 

'a A 

chhatis 

05, ^rf§p*f 

Thirty-seven 

rv 


saintis 


Thirty-eight 

r a 


athtis 

oir 

Thirty-nine 

M 


untalis 

^5) ^5nff8r"t 

Forty 



chalis 

8° *fa*r 

Forty-one 



ektalis 


Forty-two 

t*r 


bealis 

s\ 

Forty-three 

rr 


tetalls 

80 C^5t1%*t 

Forty-four 

rr 


chaualis 

88 

Forty-five 

ro 


paintalis 

8<t 

Forty-six 

n 


chhealis 

80 ^f§T*f 

Forty-seven 

rv 


saintalis 


Forty-eight 

JtA 


athtalis 

sv 

Forty-nine 

r<i 


unpachas 

8* 

Fifty 


sis^i 

panchas 

e t° 

Fifty-one 

01 


ekawan 

ao 

Fifty-two 

or 


bawan 

<t\ ^te?rtsr 

Fifty-three 

or 


tirpan 


Fifty-four 

o r 


chauwan 

a 8 at<rtsr 

Fifty-five 

00 


pachpan 

aa ^sgtsf 

Fifty-six 

01 


chhappan 

0:0 ^T^Mfsr 

Fifty-seven 

ov 


satawan 

a 2 ! 

Fifty-eight 

OA 


athawan 

ay 

Fifty-nine 

01 


unsath 

a* 

Sixty 

1* 


sath 

O® ’Jtftlr 

Sixty-one 

11 


eksath 

OS 

Sixty-two 

i r 


basath 

o\ 

Sixty-three 

ir 


tirsath 

oo 

Sixty-four 

ii° 


chausath 

08 CsWq? 

Sixty-five 

10 


painsath 

oa 

Sixty-six 

11 


chhasath 

oo 

Sixty-seven 

1 V 

0£&}0.<^.w 

satsath 

08 



46 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindiist&ni. 

BengdlL 

Sixty-eight 

1 A 


athsath 

OV ^STtThrfJ. 

Sixty-nine 

■tl 


unhattar 


Seventy 

V ♦ 


sattar 

V *T 5 ?C 

Seventy-one 

VI 


ekhattar 

^ «n^nr 

Seventy-two 

vr 


bahattar 


Seventy-three 

vr % 

< 5 Uo)^ 

tih attar 

*o csstosr 

Seventy-four 

VfB 


chauh attar 

^8 CFt?rt«?: 

Seventy-five 

vo 


pachhattar 

*\<t 

Seventy-six 

VI 

£ lii&A 

chhihattar 

°Ua c^?rts?[ 

Seventy-seven 

W 

OUfiA 

sathattar 


Seventy-eight 

VA 


athh attar 


Seventy-nine 

Vi 


unasi 


Eighty 

A* 


assl 

Vo 

Eighty-one 

A 1 

AiojiU&A 

ekasl 

VS 

Eighty-two 

AP 


beasi 

V* 

Eighty-three 

at 


tirasi 

vo f%<rHt 

Eighty-four 

AtC 


chaurasi 

vs csfaHt 

Eighty-five 

AO 


pachasi 

V& 

Eighty-six 

A 1 

^ V i au.A 

chheasi 

W 

Eighty-seven 

AV 


satasi 

V s ) 

.Eighty-eight 

AA 


athasi 

VV 

Eighty-nine 

A1 


nauasi 

V* 

Ninety 

1 ♦ 

V 

nauw 


Ninety-one 

11 


ekanauwe 


Ninety-two 

1 P 

jwy 

banauwe 

a* 

Ninety-three 

ir 


tiranauwe 


Ninety-four 

1H» 

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chauranauwes>8 

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10 


pachanauwe s><t 

Ninety-six 

11 


chheanauwe 


Ninety-seven 

iv 

v£^kj< 5 p 

satanauwe 


Ninety-eight 

1 A 


athanauwe 

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11 

AjjO^ 

ninnanauwe 

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1 ♦ ♦ 


sau 

i»« *fv 5 

Thousand 

!•♦♦♦ 

jl>A 

hazar 

S 909 

X Thousands 



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S" ° 9 ^BTfjS 

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lakh 

500000 

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nijut 

5000000 

X Millions 

1 ♦ 

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karor 

50000000 





47 


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G 

CO 

G 

O 

rG 

Eh 


Ordinal numbers <£Wj( i^j .. 7 I°\<fJTTt'lS3 J 
















48 


English-. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust&ni. 

Bengali. 

Astrology 

C5^ C ? J 

jatik 

*mi 

Astrologer 

rV 

jatlki 


Astronomy 


jatik bidya 


Year 

JL* 

bar as 

wise 

Day 

b) 

din 


Sunday 


etwar 

<rf*r3't<r 

Monday 


pir 

c^rtsreT?: 

Tuesday 


man gal 


Wednesday 


budh 


Thursday 


brihaspatwar 


Friday 


shukrwar 

*$5**t?c 

Saturday 


samchar 


Morning 


fajar 

eftawtsr 

Noon 

dopahr 


Afternoon 


sipahr 


Evening 


sanjh 

Wfat*f 

Night 

A 

rat 


Midnight 


dopahr rat 


To day 

by* 

aj 


To night 


ajkd rat 


Last night 


pichhli rat 

Wrtfar 

Yesterday 

bb* 

pichhla din 


Day before 

bji* dtybj 

pichhli par sun 

i 

yesterday 

To-morrow 

hj* 

kal 


Day after to- 

■ dydhj 

aguto parsun 


morrow 

Festival 

(S>JlC 

parab 


Hour 

0.cL» 

ghari 

^5 

Minute 


pal 

«teT 

Week 

AlftA 

athwara 


Month 

gV./o 

mas 


Measure 

£}+jJS}t4olm&p 


Half 


adha 

'tm 

Act 


kam 


Agent 


kartar 

?Rfi 

Part 


angs 


Arms 

C L 

Tiathiar 






49 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust6ni. 

Bengali. 

Army 


katak 

C*Rl 

Arrow 

J* ft** 

ban 

<rt*t 

Attack 


war 


Ball 


gola 

c*ft*n 

Battalion of 


paltan 


Infantry 




Do. of Cavalry &JL>j 

risala 


Battle 


larai 


Bow 

cry> cjUS" 

dhanuk 


Fort 


gar 

•frs 

Guard 

1 } 

chaukidar 

<r^»^ 

Harness 

j tw 

saj 

*it« 

March 


kuch 


Musket 

(3Ua^ (jjiioj 

banduk 

<r®^» 

Order 

<** 

agea 

*IT®1 

Spy 


char 

W 

Sword 

l_aA.W 

tarwar 


Scimitar 


saralri 

«f\S5 

Tent 


tambu 


Victory 


jit 

snr 

M usic 


rag 

^tJfj 

Song 

S)j*» 

git 

site 

Singer 

LS i^o 

ganewala 

*mr?? 

Tune 


sur 


Lute 

Hr! 

bin 


Pipe 

jl*>yo i_- 

bansi 


Fiddle 


sarangi 

c<nrt*n 

Tabour 

lM= 

tamki 


Musician 


badak 



Of Ecclesiastical Matters . 

Absolution 

otsr* 

udhar 


Alms 


bhlkh 

f%^1 

Apostacy 


dharam teag 

SSfojtff 

Apostate 


dharam teagi 


Atheist 


nastik 


Bell 

WJ* 

ghanta 

*1^1 

Bible 

OJj_y Jhs: j l 

dharam puthi 




50 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindustana. 

Bengali. 

Bier 

jsjUa. 

arthi 

<rr|^r 

Blessing 


ashirbad 


Burial 


samadhlena 


Chime 


thunkar 


Church 

L»Jj ±s:‘~' c 

gii'ja 

fsflHRl 

Corpse 


lash 

*f<T 

Fasting 

fy* *) v 

anahar 


Grave 

jJ 

kabar 

<5<T<3" 

Heaven 


baikunt 

m 

Hell 

Jp* 

narak 


Idol 

CO f**> 

murat 

si fan 

Religion 

1—0 

dharam 


Rosary 


mala japneka 


Sacrifice 


baldan, ham 

*f§i 

Temple 


dewal 



Verbs. 


To mark 

ciii/S’ e)VAj 

dekhna 


To sigh, grieve 

satana 


To expire 


dam chhutna 


To wait 

iy&yiJuy 

bilamb karna 


To bathe 


nahana 


To stop 


thaharna 

^TCC?Tt*R 

To worship 

&£>jZ 

pujna 






To acquire 

cW/ckeh* 

uparjan karjia 


To surrender 


sonpna 

^-sfq 

To belong 


pahunchna 


To come 

ly^/of 

ana 


To draw 


khmchna 


To attack 


charhna 


To hold 


pakarna 


To hurt 

C iit/jj* 

dukhana 


To lacerate 


chirna 


To scratch 


khujlana 

^T5\5T5t 

To cover 

'yj 

dhanpna 

^it^nR 

To thrash 


pitna 


To detain 

atkana 






51 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindust6ni. 

Bengali. 

To respect 


manna 

^smnr«« 

To order 


farmanaj ade^ 
shan 


T» bring 


leana 


To invite 

ity^Ly^neotna 

TOT 3 M 

To begin 


shuru karna 
arambh karna 


To mount 


charhna 

srtqrfiw 

To plant 

c^^lagana 


To converse 


batchit karna 
alap karna 

*rt*rt*t* 

To embrace 

(^ii^jj^galelagna 

^ltf§*5R 

To hearten 


dilbarhana ash 
was dena 

- <Brhrfara 

To desire 


Jjfchahna 


To vomit 


rad karna 


To search 


dhundhna 

jsfoaf 

To rise 


uthna 


To fly 


-d=urna 


To arrive 


pahunchna 


To belch 


dakarna 

^PTClTlM 

To free 


chhorna 

^T? 4 ! 

To root up 


ukharna 


To overset 

v*/Jr 

ultan a 


To untie 

ejiiUik)’ 

kholna 


To descend 


utarna 


To rinse 


kachharna 


To thunder 


garajna 


To reduce 


ghatana 


To tremble 


kanpna 


To do 


karna 


To cause to do 

(jii.j.jLi.S’ 

karwana 

?s<rH 

To say 


bolna 

*** 

To wash 


dhona 


To cut 

o^iy 

katna 


To cry 


ron a 



52 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani 

Bengali. 

To bite 

dasna, katna 


To cough 

c^JL*** <J<Hir w kh£nsna 

3 >T*R 

To buy 


mollena 

few 

To pick up 


chunna 


To furnish 

i^yp^lsanwarna 

<£rrfa 

To dig 


khodna 

c-aifr^R 

To calcine 


rasaen banana • 4 T?'«| 

To loosen 


khulna 

•smlR 

To eat 


khana 


To feed 


khilwana 

•*rts?rT#r 

To labour for 


dukh-uthana 

<rri>5t 

hire 




To employ 


katn men lana 


To pinch 

IxJuXijj. «mJ 

nochna 


To grin 


kliis nikalna 

MTTO 

To play 

otjpLSjfe khelna 


To lose 


khona 

Wtfafa 

To deposit 


sonpna 

stflit 

To roar 


gargarana 

tfSSR 

To make 


banana 


To number 


ginna 


To melt 


gain a 

•aw 

To sing 


gana 


To string 

^lyxlluS 

gundhna 

hw 

To swallow 


nigalna 

f*T®R 





To roll up 


lapetna 


To overtake 


pakarlena 


To occur 


ajana 


To rub 


malna, ghasna 

W1 

To sweat 


pasijna 

■ 5 TT 5 TR 

To remove 


nikalchorna 


To sleep 


sona 


To whirl 


phirana 


To grind 


pisna 

dr^ 

To split 


phutna 


To mount 

b 

charna 


To thump 

e>«53 

chhakrana 



53 


English. 

Persian. ] 

Sindi-Hindust&ni. 

Beng&li. 

To graze 


charna 


To go 


jana 

F?R 

To drive 


hankna 


To taste 

chakhna 


To lap 


chabharchab- 

^t^rtsr 



har pllana 


To lick 


chatna 


To plough 


halchalana 


To want 


chahna 


To know 


janna 


To show 

j 

dekhlana 

fpsrtsc 

To chew 

(jajJhk 

chabana 


To tear 


pharna 

f*3«i 

To err 


chukna 

jjfr 

To flutter 

iXi 

bharbharana 


To sprinkle 


chhirikna 


To deceive 


thagna 


To roof 

jL. L*j UARau 

patna, chha-"] 
pardena J 


To leave 

^vjLioi 

chhorna 

^t\s^ 

To hide 


chhipana 


To beget 


janana 


To congeal 

u ^-.ij amna 


To burn 


jalna, jalana 

Stc^R 

To watch 


jdgna 


To wake 


jagana 

ntsrr^ 

To ask 


puchhna 

fsiaw^r*! 

To win 


jitna 


To rest 


letna 


To fall off 


jharna 


To peep 

o^oy*^ 

jhankna 


To jump 


kudna 


To slumber 


ungna 


To swing 


jhulna 

5g5R 

To heel 


jhukna 

T>*R 

To hang 

e^ji 

latkana 


To break 


torna 

TjSfct 

To be cheated 

thakna 




54 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Bengali. 

To ram 


thasna 


To consider 


sochna 


To push 


dhakelna 


To fear 

darn a 

w 6 1 

To call 


bolana 


To stride 


dagbharna 


To drown 


dubna 


To pour 


dhalna 


To pelt 


dhela phenkna fijsTfa 

To look 


dekhna 


To stay 


thaharna 

3**1 

To lift 


uthana 

CST^R 

To measure 


mapna taulna 

dtm* 

To shudder 


pharpharana 

«T3*r3T*t 

To live 


jina 


To give 


dena 

cm* 

To see 


dekhna 

c**t* 

To milk 


dhona 

CRt*3 

To run 


daurna 

c*)^s* 

To catch 


pakarna 

*3*1 

To dance 


nachna 


To strain 


nichorna 


To smear 

C )ii.jJLo 

malna 

f§^3*i 

To put out 

t i 

bujhana 

f**U 

To bend 

& i^terhakar na 

* 

To rot 


sarna 


To read 

e^jl^L (j^ot^'parhna 


To teach 

(^1^. Jjc\ 

sikhana 


To extend 

eJ^Jj-bpasarna 

‘ R f 3 TT3*l 

To get 


pana 

*fT'83 

To ripen 


pakna 


To throw 

^Xi.1 tiol 

phenkna dalna 

To send 


bhejna 


To fart 

C 

padna 


To forget 

I*J&x£jS0\j3 

bhulna 

®JTO«l 

To drink 


pma 


To bury 


garna 


To engage 

cJ^^Ujjj^i/^rakhna 

m^* 


55 


English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustanf. 

Bengali. 

To turn round 


phirna 

TW«1 

To blow with 


phukna 


breath 




To burst 


phatna 

Wj>* 

To swell 



To undermine 


phorna 

C*pTv5»T 

To mutter 


barbar karna 


To vacate 


bar in a 


To change 


panbart karna 

To kill 


marna 

*T*TC 

To bind 


bandhna 


To sit down 


baithna 

fc**R 

To seat 


baithana 


To bear 


dhona 


To impel 


chalana 


To forbid 


baj-rakhna ba 

- *t£«l 3 F?«I 



ran karna 


To perfume 


basna 


To spoil 


bigarna 


To spread 


bichhana 


To appear 


birajna 

f%irriR 

To mourn 


bilapna 


To sow 


bona 


To sell 


bechna 


To feel 

eJ (_)- Ua> 

chhund tatolnac^t^R 

To alarm 

Lay 

bharkana 


To fill 

O^r^rJ j£l 

bharana 

^<rT«l 

To fry 

bhunna 


To float 

u^V 1 LSJ>y. 

bhasna 

«t*R 

To launch 

dhakelna 


To soak 


bhigna 


To wet 


bhigana 


To close 


bhirna 


To churn 


matna 

3 TG^ 

To die 

i v*y° 

marna 


To daub 

iifiXjJLo 

malna 

SToTfST 

To obey 


manna 


To wipe 


mausna 

CTO* 


56 


English. 

Persian. Hindi-Hindustam. 

Beng&li. 

To fold 


lepetna 

^IvSt^C 

To beg 


mangna 


To fight 


larna 


To be 


rahna 

?rs«t 

To toil 


raputna 


To cry 


rona 

c<rTfre 

To take 


lena 


To come in 


lagna 


To plunder 


lutna 


To write 


likhna 

CcT<f^ 

To sharpen 


shanna, bar- 
dena 

*n?R 

To curse 


surapdena 


To dry 


sukna 


To hear 


sunn a 


To toast 


sekna 


To begin 


shuru karna 


To satisfy 


dnand karna 


To correct 


suddha karna 


To water 


sechna 

C 7 !^ 

To retreat 


hatna 


To steal 


harna 


To sneeze 


chhmkna 


To laugh 


hasna 


To agitate 

(jJojlAa. 

hilana 

C$v\U 

To pardon 


> chhima karna 

5 p 3 R 

To ooze 

O&j ibx 

chhunna 


To row (a boat) kheona 

Adverbs. 


Above 

ilb j> < 5 j* 

upar 

^*f<r 

After 

u »j 

plchhe 

WT* 

Again 

jb 

pher 


Ago (long ago) jl 

se 


All 

<X*& 

sab 


Also 

r* * 

aur 


Almost 

*£ljs)j <_>.j jio.£- 

lag bhag 

sit? 




English. 

Persian. 

Hindi-Hindustani. 

Beng61i, 

As 


jaisa 


Before 


age 

'StfCSf 

Behind 

(j»J yAc 

pichhe 


Below 


niche 


Besides 

y± 

sewa 

*37f5t|r?P 

Between 


bich 

HWJ 

Daily- 


din badin 


Down 

Ji) 

niche 


During 

ATG 

jabtak 

*rr<r«. 

Early 


fajar 


Enough 


bahut 

£f£?[ 

Entirely 


sab 


Ever 


sada 

f^$J 

For 


karan 


Forthwith 


pichhe 


Further 

yjj* 

aur 

s ®rt?r 

Here 


yah an 


Haste 

. *4 

turant 

*fta 

How 

Vt 

kaisa 

C?RR 

At present 

5) la. 

abhi 


In 


men 

srcJr 

Indeed 

Cl*** I lj 

sach 


Like 


sam an 

'JeTJ 

Last 


atit 

^5 

Likewise 

-4 p* 

bhi 

«fl*\ 

Less 


chhota 


More 

u4 

bahut 


Much 

jx^ 

adhik 

*tfk* 

No 

AS 31 U 

n ah 

^1 

Now 

311a. uySi 

abhi 


Near 

<—Oji 

saimp 


Never 


kabhmah 


Nevertheless 

(,4V bc| 

par 


Notwithstand¬ 

- &*-J\ 

setaki 


ing 

Often 

JOjb ILti^ 

barbar 


Once 

J 

ekbar 


Only 

Oyo k5j 

kewal 


Over 

^ & 

upar 

^*f<r 


58 


t/jMtoth 


EngfisR. 

Persian-. 

Hindi-Hindu9t&ni. 

Beng&Ii. 

Quite 


pura 


Rather 


paihle 


Seldom 


kabhi 


Since 

jjjiJ &JU- 

jabse 

*r**f*r 

Some 


kuch 

ftf 

Soon 


beg 


So 


aisa 


Than 

j\ U* 

se 


Then 

fcytjliXJiJ 

tabhi 


There 

ls*l 

wahan 

'8<ttC5? 

Therefore 

t<x^J jAb 

iswaste 


Thus 


aisehi 


Very 


barah 


Under 

Ji) 

niche 


Upon 


upar 


Upirur dr: 


bahut 


What 

&a. &!> 

kya 

fa 

When 


jab 


Whence 


kahanse 


Whilst 


jabtak 


Why 

b^ 3 1 

kyun 

c<r 

Within 


bhitar 


Without 


bahar 


Yes 

^ C5;l 

han 


Yet 

oijijlL) 

abtak 



The English MonthsT 


January 


magh 


February 


fagun 


March 


chait 

l*S 

April 

May 

*1^- 

baisak 

jet 


June 

yj 

asar 


July 


savvan 

arm 

August 


bhado 

«T5 

September 

JY° 

kawar 


October 

ii»U| 

katik 


November 


aghan 


December 

i£i> 

pus 

ckt* 



IDIOMATICAL EXERCISES, 

,# 

IN THE 

EnghisJi, Persian , Hindustani , Bengali Languages ,, peculiarly calculated for the use of Students . 


59 


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Bear.—I have mislaid it some- bol^S-if^t? lyl loJj |<xk Khu da wand, main usko kahm C^T9tt?T <Ttf4T?n 

where, sir. , ( *<x£ t £ > *y rakhkar bhul gaya hun. ^f%<n fsnnfs: 



English* Persian* Hindustani. Bengali. 

Gent.—Where is my watch ? vs*.! \=? ^ oxL, Mera ghari kahan hai ? cWftr 

Bear. Oh, I had forgotten it, ftjS ^^K\y Oh ! ab mujhe yad aya, apki CS[ 

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English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengali. 

Ten rupees were added to his Sl^sr 0 j<> 8^ Das rupaiye unke tankhwah SlTf? srtf^irfal ^T? *P*f 

salary. men izafah hue. 1>T3>1 ^T'Ffa CSt^T 

To-day’s meeting was adjourn- Aj mahfil mauquf hai 3 pir ke 'sfl'fs? CTtsi- 

ed till Monday next. ^ roz phir hogi. <TtC<r ?<'W 


69 








English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengah. 

I would advise you to wait a c**«t ^1 ^ oHamari yih mashwarat hai, ^It5rt?r *f<TT3r*r ^ 
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he was much agitated. cj^j^ kanpne laga. vrtf?f®T 





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proach. nah saka. ^tC^t^C'S 5(1 

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property to this purpose. ^• w »' Aliij ke liye muqarrar ki. ^CS^<T f^fstCli ^tf<T?TTC^ 




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Why do these children bawl ^ e^t Ye larke istarah kyun chil- 

thus ? ^jo late hain ? (*<?♦{• 



English. Persian. Hindustani. ^ Bengali. 

The ship was becalmed foui- Jahaz baghau* liawa ke chat* 

days. <iol* din thahra raha. ^tf?T f^ 3 ! ^ iiit. fs^T. 


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Does this knife belong to ^»l l^*s j u- ! Kya yik chhuri tumhari ^ *4tt^ .CSWfT. 

you ? hai ? 

He is beset on all sides with Wuh bahut kam men mash- ^C^CiS 1%f^ 

business. ghul hai. ^tc^. 

I am going to the shoema- Main juti-wale ke pas ek (ST^Sl ^T^Tt^ 3 ? 



English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengali, 

ker’s to bespeak a pair of ^3-?^ tA®** jora juti ki farmaish dene fffC^5 sjf&jT '■3’*TflR 

shoes. jata hun. 

I am a poor man, be pleased cdal/l Slj j! ft ^ Main muhtaj hun, apne mihr- iffa, Rt*fR 

to bestow one rupee. dJuLy ojU^<Uj_jj£j bam se ek rupaiya inayat Vfal C^fR- 


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English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengali. 

Can you dispose of these Turn ye chizen hamare liye ^rfSfl^C ^ 

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shortly ? muntazir ho ? ^Z^ <$<[. 

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any part which you do not ^l^k y turn na samajhte ho wuh *TT3: ^1?C^ 

understand. tumhen samjha dega. or <rt%?T1 



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must fancy it is summer. *i*i+t* <j*l^ hira turn garmi ka mau- C^t'< ^?TtCg;. 

sim samajhte ho. 

am very much fatigued 8^^ j<3 j}\ &*> Main sail* karne se bahut ^5 ^tUtfe 

with walking. manda ho gaya. 


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ra madad karo. ^<T ? cst^l ^tsrtc^ 3«T. 

What day have you fixed (*l^ Ls J l cJ.^ Wahan jane ko turn ne kaun OT4TTC5T <Its'?'t?' ©W 

upon to go there ? roz muqarar kiya hai ? T%<T ^f?[?t5. 




English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengali. 

It is high water, the vessel jL>*- ^ Joar bharpur hai, jahaz ab ClftTt?; 

will now float. path par chalega. 


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Who has thus heaped up lj Ia ^1 Kis ne in chizon ko aisa C 3 » ^ ^ 5 ^|- 

these things ? ^ jama kiya hai ? *f^l ^f<r<n ^f<r ?1 

Do you hear what I say ? ^ ^ J 0 raa in kahta hun turn *m >1 m 3 ft- 


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I hope, sir, I don’t interrupt i^l^k Ai sahib, mujh ko uramed cn 

y 0Ut # ii.s^iyfc^gii-aj Ijv 1 ^ hai ki junab ko tasdia na 5r^t*f?rc^ CTO *(C^ 

den. ^1- 

Shall I introduce you to that |*&lj^- ol>&c c*l P |;LS Main turn ko us sahib se CT 57TC^C^'?' ^ICsr f^ C5T 
gentleman? mulaqat karwaunga ? *Tt<r It?. 



English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengali. 

Who introduced this mode £>jS ao<X) Aise kahne ka taur kis ne >45^5 3>9J1 $fT<rl 

of speech ? paida kiya ? >ii<rtCJT C<£ 

He was intrusted with the dj> jlX &+*> Ijj! Us ko sara kam supard kiya 

whole business. gaya tha. CJF'STl C9f®r. 


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How far can you jump ? Turn kitin dur kud sakte f^ft^C^..?ff|[» 

‘*'i*L? , H /0 ho ? 



English, Persian* Hindust&nr. Bengali. 

I cannot justify her conduct, j.ilyu +5 jUilj,} Us ki afal main tasdiq na- C*T C*T 

^ ojf hin kar sakta. * 5 t^tC 3 » ^Tfsi 

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She has let her house for six ^ *1*. sh.^ I s „ e chha mahine ke waste ««j n<r „ 

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Tell him to load the boat. l ij fyl Kishti bujliai karne ko use wfal 3*1. 

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Is this gun loaded ? jlA ojMj Yih banduk bhari hai? <4 $j% C*Tt?1 

Lock up the house. ^ ^ clai y lj *JLL ^ } 


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English. Persian. Hindustani. Bengili. 

She bare a great many chil- Wuh bahut larke jam. <SffC<r 

dren. *nst^ ®fw?TC¥. 

He was born before you. c^«.l (JmjjjI Wuh tumhari age paida hua. CSTsrtfT ®tC*3f<r 


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I had begun to learn Agar main thora age sikhna 

sooner, it would have been ^(UaujL-oG shuru karta, to bahut ach- ^ «t®T 3^5- 

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121 


Fable 1. 

The Belly and the Limbs. 

MeneniuS Agrippa, a Roman consul, being deputed by the 
senate to appease a dangerous tumult and sedition of the 
people, who refused to pay the taxes necessary for carrying on 
the business of the state, convinced them of their folly, by 
delivering to them the following fable. 

My friends and countrymen, said he, attend to my words. 
It once happened that the members of the human body, 
taking some exception at the conduct of the belly, resolved 
no longer to grant him the usual supplies. The tongue first 
in a seditious speech, aggravated their grievances, and after 
highly extolling the activity and diligence of the hands and 
feet, set forth how hard and unreasonable it was, that the 
fruits of their labour should be squandered away upon the 
insatiable cravings of a fat and indolent paunch, which was 
entirely useless, and unable to do any thing towards helping 
himself. This speech was received with unanimous applause 
by all the members. Immediately the hands declared they 
would work no more; the feet determined to carry no farther 
the load of guts with which they had hitherto been oppressed ; 
nay, the very teeth refused to prepare a single morsel more 
for his use. In this distress, the belly besought them to 
consider maturely, and not foment so senseless a rebellion. 

There is none of you, says he, can be ignorant that what¬ 
soever you bestow upon me is immediately converted to your 
use, and dispersed by me for the good of you all into every 
limb. But he remonstrated in vain; for during the clamour 
of passion, the voice of reason is always disregarded. It being 
therefore impossible for him to quiet the tumult, he starved 
for want of their assistance, and the body wasted away to a 
skeleton. The limbs, grown weak and languid, were sensible 
at last of their error, and would fain have returned to their 
respective duties ; but it was now too late, death had taken 
possession of the whole, and they all perished together. 

J Tis a folly even to wish to withhold our part from the sup¬ 
port of civil government. 


122 

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123 


Pahild Kahani, Pet aur Badan ke Aza ki. 

Rum ke amironki majlis se, Menenius Agrippa wakil un logon 
ke dange •aur hangame ke thamne ke li}’e, jo saltanat ki 
karrawai ke waste zaruri paise dene men munkir hue the, 
muqarrar hua, aur yih qissa kalikar un Id bewaqufi par unko 
qail kiya: 

Ai mere dosto aur desi bh&io, suno ghaur se men bat ko. 
Ek martaba aisa ittifaq hua ki badan ke aza ne pet ki hara- 
katon se khafa hokar kaha, ki ham sabeq dastur is ko ab rasad 
na pahunchaenge. Pahle zuban ne zubani fitna-angezi se un- 
hon ka dukh dard bahut sa bayan kiya, phir hath paon ki 
chalaki aur chusti bahut se tarif karke yon bolx, ki yih kya 
bipat aur be-insafi hai, ki aisi sust aur motx antrion ke live, ki 
nihayat nakara hain, apua kam bhi ap nahm kar saktm, aur 
baukha upar hain rakhtm, hamari mihnat ke phal barlxad 
javven. Is bat ko sabhon ne muttafiq hokar pasaiul kiya. 
Hath turtln kaha, ki ham aur mihnat na karenge; paon ne 
man men thana ki antrion ka bojh, jise abtalak lade hue the, 
aur na uthaenge; balki daton ne bhi inkar kiya ki uske waste 
ek danah na chabaenge. Is lachari men petne minnat ki, ki 
turn tajwiz ghaur se karo, aur bewaqufon ka sa hangatna mat 
karo, jo ki turn mujhe dete ho so wahin tumharehi kam ata 
hai, aur sab aza ki bihtari ke waste mere wasile se tamam 
badan men phail jata hai, us ko turn men aisa koi nahin ki 
nahm janta ? Lekin yih taqrar us ka befaeda tba; kyunki 
jab talak gliusse ki garmi hai aqal ki bat pesh nalnnjati. Is 
sabab se yih hangama us se na tham saka, aur baghair un ki 
madad ke yahan tak fake kie, ki badan sukhkar kanta hogaya. 
Aza kam zor o nataqat hue, nidan apni chuk ko samjhe, 
tab chahe ki apne apue kam men phir mashghul howen ; par 
qabu hath se jata raha, aur maut ne sab par amal kiya, aur we 
sab mar pache. 

Hasil: Jo paisa mulki riyasat ke thamne ko chahiye use rakna 
hamari himaqat hai. 


124 


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& 



Fable II. 

The Fox and the Swallow. 

Aristotle informs us, that the following fable was spoken 
by ^Esop to the Samians, on a debate upon changing their 
ministers, who were accused of plundering the common¬ 
wealth. 

A fox swimming across a river, happened to be entangled 
in some weeds that grew near the bank, from which he was 
unable to extricate himself; as he lay thus exposed to whole 
swarms of flies, who were galling him and sucking his blood ; 
a swallow observing his distress, kindly offered to. drive them 
away. By no means, said the fox ; for if these should be chased 
away, who are already sufficiently gorged, another more hun¬ 
gry swarm would succeed, and I should be robbed of every 
remaining drop of blood in my veins. 

We should well consider, whether the removal of a present 
evil does not tend to introduce a greater. 


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126 


Dusrd Kahdnif Lomri aur Abdbil ki. 

TJrustatalis ke qaul se malum hua, ki yih qissa Luqmart 
lie Shamion ko sutvaya tha, Wuziron ke qazye men, jin ko un- 
hon ne sarkari mal ki chori lagai thi. 

Ek Lomri nadi men pairkar par jate hue ittifaqan kans ghas 
jo kinare ke nazdik tin, us men ulajh ke phans gai, phir 
us men se nikal na saki: us ghas men jhund. ke jhund makhiyon 
ke the, use katne aur lahu pine lage; ek Ababil ne yili us ka 
dukh dekhkar mihrbani se kaha, in ko main dur karungi. Lomri 
boh, hargiz nahin ; kyunki ye makhiyan ki jinhon ne mere 
lahu se apne pet ab nakon nak bhare hai, jo khaderi jaengi to 
aur un ke pichhe kai bahut bbukha dal awega jo kuchh ki 
lalui men ragon men ab baqi hai, so ek bund us ki bln 11a 
bachegi. 

Hasil: Hamen achchhi tarah fikr kiya chahiye ki is buraika 
dur karna is se ziy&da kharabi lawega ki nahin. 


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127 


Fable III. 

The Fox and the Raven. 

A fox observing a raven perched on the branch of a tree, 
with a fine piece of cheese in heu^ionth. immediately began 
to consider how he might possessMiiw^elf of so delicious a 
morsel. Dear madam, said he, I am extremely glad to have 
the pleasure of seeing you this morning: your beautiful shape, 
and shining feathers, are the delight of my eyes ; and would 
you condescend to favour me with a song, I doubt not hut 
your voice is equal to the rest of your accomplishments. De¬ 
luded with this flattering speech, the transported raven opened 
her mouth, in order to give him a speckuem ofJier pipe, when 
down dropt the cheese : which the fox immediately snatching 
up, bore it away in triumph, leaving the raven to lament her 
credulous vanity at her leisure. 

Wherever flattering gains admission, it seems to banish 
common sense. 


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128 


Tisri Kaham, Lomri aur Jangli Kauwa ki. 

Ek jangli Kauwa aehchha sa ek tukra panir ka apne munh 
men liye per ki tuhni par baitha tha, wuhi ek Lomri dekhkar 
sochne lage ki yih tar niwala kyunkar mere hath awe. Boli, Ai 
Ladle piyare ! aj sawere main tumhari achchhi surat, aur chat- 
kile par meriankhon men khub gae hain ; agar turn mutawajjih 
hoke ek git mihrbam se mujhe sun ate, to mujhe yaqin hota 
ke awaz tumhari aur khubiyon ke barabar hai. Wuh shadan 
Kauwa us ki phulasiron se phula, aur apni awaz ka dhab 
dekhane ke liye munh khola, kholte hi panir ka tukra niche gir 
para ; Lomri ne turt utha, khushi se baghal baja apni rah li, 
aur Kauwe ko behude ghamand ke pachtaue men chhofa. 

Hasil : Jahan khushamad ka dakhal hai, tahan aqal nahin 
raliti hai. 


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129 


Fable IV. 

The Wolf and the Crane. 

A Wolf having with too much greediness swallowed a bone, 
it unfortunately stuck in his throat; and in the violence of 
his pain he applied to several animals, earnestly entreating 
them to extract it; none cared to hazard the dangerous experi¬ 
ment except the Crane; who persuaded by his solemn pro¬ 
mises of gratuity, ventured to thrust her enormous length of 
neck down his throat, and having successfully performed the 
operation, claimed the recompence. See the unreasonableness 
of some creatures, said the Wolf, have I not suffered thee safely 
to draw thy neck out of my jaws, and hast thou the con¬ 
science to demand a further reward ? 

’Tis the utmost extent of some men’s gratitude, barely to 
refrain from oppressing and injuring their benefactors. 


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130 


Chautha Kahdni , Bheriye aur Saras ki. 

Ek Bheriya, mare lalach ke, ek haddi nigalne laga; wuh 
uski kam nasibi se uske halq men phans gai; tab usne apne 
dard ki aziyat aqsar janwaron se tama dekhakar zahir ki, aur 
haddi nikalne ke waste bahut si ajizi aur girgirahat. Par 
kisi ne is atnre pur khatar men na chaha ki jurat kare, magar 
Saras ne uske inam ke iqrar par khatir jamai se himat bandhi 
ki uske halq men apni Iambi gardan haddi nikalne ko daliye, 
aur taleon ki ydwarf se apna kam karke mihnatana mangne 
laga. Bheriya bola, dekho baze haiwan waise khutpudchre 
hote hain, kya main ne yih ilisan kam kiya, jo tujhe gardan 
salatnat apne munh se bahar nikalne di; bas yihi.tera inam 
hai, jo niujh par phir dawa ajrat ka karta hai ? 

Hasil: Bazon ka ihsau manna yihi hai, ki sirf apne muhsi- 
non ko taklif o tasdia dene se baz rahte hain. 


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Fable V. 

The Dog and the Shadow. 

A hungry spaniel, having stolen a piece of flesh from a 
butcher’s shop was carrying it across a river. The water being 




131 


clear, and the sun shining brightly, he saw his own image in 
the stream, and fancied it to be another dog with a more deli¬ 
cious morsel: upon which, unjustly and greedily opening his 
jaws to snatch at the shadow, he lost the substance. 

An overgreedy disposition often subjects us to lose what we 
already possess. 


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Panchwin Kahani, Kutte aur uske Aks id. 

^Ek bhukha Kutta qassab ki dukan se gosht ka lothra clmrae 
hue naddi ke par jata tha. Pan! uska nithra hua tha, aur 
aftab roshan ; kutta ne apna aks pani men dekhkar jana ki yih 
dusra kutta luqmahe laziztar liye hai: is waste apna munh 
nahaq hirs se khola jo apne aks se uljhe, to apna munh ka 
bin khoya. 

Hasil: Tabiat kamil bans hamari hamesha hamko ispar 
mail karti hai ki jo kuchh apne pas rakhte hain so usko bln 
ganwawen. 


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132 


Fable VI. 

The Old Man and Death. 

A feeble old man, quite spent with carrying a burthen of 
sticks, which, with much labour, he had gathered in a neigh¬ 
bouring wood, called upon Death to release him from the fa¬ 
tigues he endured. Death, hearing the invocation,was immedi¬ 
ately at his elbow, and asked him what he wanted ; frighted 
and trembling at the unexpected appearance : O good Sir ! 
said he, my burthen had like to have slipt from me, and 
being unable to recover it myself, I only implored your assist¬ 
ance to replace it on my shoulders. 

Men under calamity may seem to wish for death, but they 
seldom bid him welcome when he stares them in the face. 


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Chhatwin Kahant , Burhe aur Maut ki. 

Ek Bura nirbal, ki jisne ban mihnat se aspas ke jangal men 
lakriyan ekatthe ki thin, unke bojh se bahut mandahua, aur is 
dukh se chhurane ke liye Maut ko talab kiya. Wuh sunkar 
wohin uske pas ae, aur puchha, Tu kya chhata hai ? Burhe ne 
uske ekbaek nikalne se darte aur kanpte hue kaha, Gharib 
nawaz mera bojha khisak ke girne par tha, ise apne kandhe 
tak utha na sakta tha, is liye main ne turn se madad chain thi 
ki phir kandhe par utha deo. 

Hasil: Dukh ke mare log maut chahte hain, jab wuh unko 
dekhai deti hai tab us se bhagte hain. 

\ . 




133 


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Fable YII. 

The Lion and the Mouse. 

A lion by accident laid his paw upon a- poor innocent 
mouse. The frighted little creature, imagining she was just 
going to be devoured, begged hard for her life, urged that 
clemency was the fairest attribute of power, and earnestly 
intreated his majesty not to stain his illustrious paws with the 
blood of so insignificant an animal; upon which the lion very 
generously set her at liberty. It happened a few days after¬ 
wards, that the lion, ranging for his prey, fell into the toils 
of the hunter. The mouse heard his roarings, knew the voice 
of her benefactor, and immediately repairing to his assistance 
gnawed in pieces the meshes of the net, and by delivering her 
preserver, convinced him that there is no creature so much 
below another, but may have it in his power to return a good 
office. 

We may all need the assistance of our inferiors ; and should 
by no means consider the meanest among them as wholly in¬ 
capable of returning an obligation. 



134 


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Sativ'in Kahani, Babar aur Chuhe Id. 

Ittifaqan kaliin ek Babar ne kisi gharib betaqsir Chuhe ko 
apue panje men dabah liya. Dare hue chuhe ne, jab yih 
jana ki ab yih mujhe nigal jaega, apni jan bakhshi ke waste 
bahut si minnat aur sumajut ki, ki sudari ka bara wusf to rahm 
hai; aur yih bln dilsoji aur gharibi se kaba, ke Daste mubarak 
apna yase chhote haiwan ke khun se aluda na karen. Sher ne 
yih sunkar apni kamal jawanmardi se chuhe ko chhor diya. 
Kai din.ke bad, wuhi sher shikar ke liye kahm phirta tha; 
quzakar kisi shikari ke jal men phans gaya. Chuhe ne uska 
ghurrana sunke, dariyaft kiya, ki yih awaz mere ihsan karne- 
wale ki hai, wahin uski madad ke waste gaya, jatelh jal ki dori 
kat apne muhsin ko chhura diya, aur is bat ka use muqir kiya 
ki koi haiwan kisi haiwan se kuchh itna haqir nalhn, ki taqat 
ihsan ki na rakhta ho. 

Hasil: Ham chhotonki madad ke muhtaj hai, un men se kisi 
bahut chhote par bhi aisa khiyalnakiya chahiye ki ihsan ke 
badle men mahz bemuqdur hai. 



135 


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